15:20:26.585
INFO
Client IP: 103.173.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
15:20:27.525
INFO
Session ID: ac054fbf-5bd8-4522-9b51-fe4c29e9feb6
15:20:27.525
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
15:20:27.525
INFO
Client IP: 103.173.xxx.xxx
15:20:27.525
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
15:20:27.532
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
15:20:27.782
INFO
Round 1: 250 ms
15:20:28.002
INFO
Round 2: 219 ms
15:20:28.080
INFO
Round 3: 77 ms
15:20:28.349
INFO
Round 4: 268 ms
15:20:28.462
INFO
Round 5: 113 ms
15:20:28.463
OK
Ping result: 165 ms (dropped highest: 268 ms)
DOWNLOAD
15:20:28.470
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
15:20:28.475
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
15:20:29.079
INFO
sample #1: 0.32 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
15:20:29.229
INFO
sample #2: 0.43 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
15:20:29.379
INFO
sample #3: 0.50 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
15:20:29.485
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
15:20:29.529
INFO
sample #4: 0.55 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
15:20:29.679
INFO
sample #5: 0.59 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
15:20:29.829
INFO
sample #6: 0.53 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
15:20:29.979
INFO
sample #7: 0.78 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
15:20:30.129
INFO
sample #8: 0.71 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
15:20:30.279
INFO
sample #9: 0.92 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
15:20:30.429
INFO
sample #10: 1.23 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
15:20:30.479
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
15:20:30.579
INFO
sample #11: 1.31 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
15:20:30.729
INFO
sample #12: 1.88 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
15:20:30.879
INFO
sample #13: 2.19 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
15:20:31.029
INFO
sample #14: 2.23 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
15:20:31.179
INFO
sample #15: 2.03 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
15:20:31.334
INFO
sample #16: 2.14 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
15:20:31.483
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
15:20:31.485
INFO
sample #17: 1.91 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
15:20:31.629
INFO
sample #18: 2.34 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
15:20:31.779
INFO
sample #19: 2.62 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
15:20:31.934
INFO
sample #20: 2.26 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
15:20:32.080
INFO
sample #21: 2.18 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
15:20:32.229
INFO
sample #22: 2.58 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
15:20:32.379
INFO
sample #23: 2.30 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
15:20:32.478
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
15:20:32.529
INFO
sample #24: 1.82 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
15:20:32.679
INFO
sample #25: 3.97 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
15:20:32.829
INFO
sample #26: 4.37 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
15:20:32.979
INFO
sample #27: 4.54 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
15:20:33.131
INFO
sample #28: 5.10 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
15:20:33.279
INFO
sample #29: 4.98 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
15:20:33.429
INFO
sample #30: 4.77 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
15:20:33.479
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
15:20:33.579
INFO
sample #31: 4.70 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
15:20:33.728
INFO
sample #32: 5.41 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
15:20:33.878
INFO
sample #33: 4.81 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
15:20:34.029
INFO
sample #34: 4.94 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
15:20:34.182
INFO
sample #35: 3.01 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
15:20:34.329
INFO
sample #36: 2.74 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
15:20:34.479
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
15:20:34.480
INFO
sample #37: 2.49 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
15:20:34.629
INFO
sample #38: 2.50 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
15:20:34.779
INFO
sample #39: 1.71 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
15:20:34.929
INFO
sample #40: 1.67 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
15:20:35.079
INFO
sample #41: 2.46 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
15:20:35.230
INFO
sample #42: 1.92 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
15:20:35.379
INFO
sample #43: 1.92 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
15:20:35.478
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
15:20:35.529
INFO
sample #44: 1.99 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
15:20:35.679
INFO
sample #45: 2.70 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
15:20:35.828
INFO
sample #46: 2.79 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
15:20:35.979
INFO
sample #47: 3.26 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
15:20:36.128
INFO
sample #48: 3.54 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
15:20:36.279
INFO
sample #49: 3.62 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
15:20:36.429
INFO
sample #50: 3.80 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
15:20:36.579
INFO
sample #51: 2.66 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
15:20:36.729
INFO
sample #52: 2.50 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
15:20:36.879
INFO
sample #53: 3.45 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
15:20:37.029
INFO
sample #54: 3.27 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
15:20:37.179
INFO
sample #55: 3.06 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
15:20:37.329
INFO
sample #56: 2.05 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
15:20:37.479
INFO
sample #57: 1.53 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
15:20:37.629
INFO
sample #58: 1.14 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
15:20:37.779
INFO
sample #59: 1.03 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
15:20:37.929
INFO
sample #60: 1.43 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
15:20:38.079
INFO
sample #61: 1.35 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
15:20:38.229
INFO
sample #62: 1.40 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
15:20:38.379
INFO
sample #63: 1.27 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
15:20:38.483
OK
Download trimmed mean: 2.6 Mbps (63 samples — dropped bottom 15 + top 6, averaged 42)
UPLOAD
15:20:38.541
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
15:20:38.546
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
15:20:39.672
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
15:20:39.822
INFO
sample #1: 6.41 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
15:20:39.874
INFO
sample #2: 6.17 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
15:20:40.021
INFO
sample #3: 11.15 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
15:20:40.177
INFO
sample #4: 10.12 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
15:20:40.324
INFO
sample #5: 9.31 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
15:20:40.476
INFO
sample #6: 16.90 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
15:20:40.623
INFO
sample #7: 16.92 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
15:20:40.676
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
15:20:40.808
INFO
sample #8: 33.93 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
15:20:40.921
INFO
sample #9: 42.82 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
15:20:41.071
INFO
sample #10: 50.62 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
15:20:41.221
INFO
sample #11: 59.11 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
15:20:41.371
INFO
sample #12: 57.40 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
15:20:41.521
INFO
sample #13: 60.80 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
15:20:41.671
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
15:20:41.804
INFO
sample #14: 56.31 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
15:20:41.821
INFO
sample #15: 55.72 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
15:20:41.971
INFO
sample #16: 79.98 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
15:20:42.120
INFO
sample #17: 74.99 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
15:20:42.271
INFO
sample #18: 74.87 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
15:20:42.421
INFO
sample #19: 52.08 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
15:20:42.571
INFO
sample #20: 43.51 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
15:20:42.671
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
15:20:42.809
INFO
sample #21: 32.34 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
15:20:42.870
INFO
sample #22: 31.15 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
15:20:43.021
INFO
sample #23: 26.73 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
15:20:43.171
INFO
sample #24: 24.31 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
15:20:43.324
INFO
sample #25: 26.68 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
15:20:43.472
INFO
sample #26: 2.88 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
15:20:43.627
INFO
sample #27: 2.87 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
15:20:43.676
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
15:20:43.811
INFO
sample #28: 2.81 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
15:20:43.921
INFO
sample #29: 2.62 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
15:20:44.071
INFO
sample #30: 2.62 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
15:20:44.221
INFO
sample #31: 2.62 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
15:20:44.371
INFO
sample #32: 2.88 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
15:20:44.521
INFO
sample #33: 2.62 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
15:20:44.671
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
15:20:44.814
INFO
sample #34: 2.63 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
15:20:44.971
INFO
sample #35: 2.63 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
15:20:45.671
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
15:20:46.321
INFO
sample #36: 11.31 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
15:20:46.471
INFO
sample #37: 10.28 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
15:20:46.621
INFO
sample #38: 10.33 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
15:20:46.775
INFO
sample #39: 11.33 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
15:20:46.926
INFO
sample #40: 11.32 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
15:20:47.076
INFO
sample #41: 24.55 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
15:20:47.224
INFO
sample #42: 22.36 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
15:20:47.377
INFO
sample #43: 24.55 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
15:20:47.525
INFO
sample #44: 24.57 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
15:20:47.674
INFO
sample #45: 24.59 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
15:20:47.825
INFO
sample #46: 13.24 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
15:20:47.973
INFO
sample #47: 13.26 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
15:20:48.125
INFO
sample #48: 13.24 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
15:20:48.276
INFO
sample #49: 13.27 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
15:20:48.426
INFO
sample #50: 12.07 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
15:20:48.676
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 25.4 Mbps (50 samples — dropped bottom 12 + top 5, averaged 33)
RESULT
15:20:48.687
OK
Download : 2.6 Mbps (trimmed mean)
15:20:48.687
OK
Upload : 25.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
15:20:48.687
OK
Latency : 165 ms
15:20:52.737
OK
Result saved — session: ac054fbf-5bd8-4522-9b51-fe4c29e9feb6 (BD — Bangladesh)
15:20:53.229
OK
Debug log saved — 154 entries
TEST STARTED
15:20:54.431
INFO
Session ID: 072c1e91-3066-417a-9df4-62d0cc7484ff
15:20:54.431
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
15:20:54.431
INFO
Client IP: 103.173.xxx.xxx
15:20:54.432
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
15:20:54.435
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
15:20:54.543
INFO
Round 1: 107 ms
15:20:54.606
INFO
Round 2: 63 ms
15:20:54.670
INFO
Round 3: 64 ms
15:20:54.737
INFO
Round 4: 66 ms
15:20:54.930
INFO
Round 5: 192 ms
15:20:54.930
OK
Ping result: 75 ms (dropped highest: 192 ms)
DOWNLOAD
15:20:54.936
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
15:20:54.940
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
15:20:55.243
INFO
sample #1: 0.20 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
15:20:55.392
INFO
sample #2: 2.30 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
15:20:55.548
INFO
sample #3: 9.85 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
15:20:55.692
INFO
sample #4: 9.36 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
15:20:55.843
INFO
sample #5: 12.13 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
15:20:55.945
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
15:20:55.992
INFO
sample #6: 14.52 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
15:20:56.142
INFO
sample #7: 12.71 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
15:20:56.292
INFO
sample #8: 19.47 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
15:20:56.442
INFO
sample #9: 19.10 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
15:20:56.592
INFO
sample #10: 19.35 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
15:20:56.742
INFO
sample #11: 17.91 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
15:20:56.892
INFO
sample #12: 17.89 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
15:20:56.942
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
15:20:57.042
INFO
sample #13: 22.52 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
15:20:57.192
INFO
sample #14: 19.57 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
15:20:57.342
INFO
sample #15: 18.87 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
15:20:57.492
INFO
sample #16: 15.68 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
15:20:57.642
INFO
sample #17: 15.68 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
15:20:57.792
INFO
sample #18: 8.30 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
15:20:57.942
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
15:20:57.944
INFO
sample #19: 7.51 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
15:20:58.092
INFO
sample #20: 9.53 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
15:20:58.242
INFO
sample #21: 9.96 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
15:20:58.399
INFO
sample #22: 10.26 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
15:20:58.542
INFO
sample #23: 6.90 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
15:20:58.692
INFO
sample #24: 7.34 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
15:20:58.848
INFO
sample #25: 10.09 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
15:20:58.942
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
15:20:58.995
INFO
sample #26: 11.85 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
15:20:59.147
INFO
sample #27: 13.06 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
15:20:59.296
INFO
sample #28: 13.16 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
15:20:59.447
INFO
sample #29: 12.38 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
15:20:59.597
INFO
sample #30: 11.32 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
15:20:59.746
INFO
sample #31: 11.41 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
15:20:59.897
INFO
sample #32: 11.16 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
15:20:59.947
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
15:21:00.047
INFO
sample #33: 10.10 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
15:21:00.198
INFO
sample #34: 10.35 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
15:21:00.346
INFO
sample #35: 9.51 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
15:21:00.497
INFO
sample #36: 6.54 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
15:21:00.644
INFO
sample #37: 6.04 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
15:21:00.797
INFO
sample #38: 5.63 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
15:21:00.942
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
15:21:00.943
INFO
sample #39: 5.37 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
15:21:01.092
INFO
sample #40: 5.38 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
15:21:01.243
INFO
sample #41: 4.38 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
15:21:01.392
INFO
sample #42: 4.38 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
15:21:01.546
INFO
sample #43: 4.29 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
15:21:01.695
INFO
sample #44: 4.18 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
15:21:01.845
INFO
sample #45: 4.50 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
15:21:01.947
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
15:21:01.992
INFO
sample #46: 6.33 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
15:21:02.142
INFO
sample #47: 7.02 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
15:21:02.295
INFO
sample #48: 8.62 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
15:21:02.444
INFO
sample #49: 9.96 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
15:21:02.594
INFO
sample #50: 10.30 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
15:21:02.742
INFO
sample #51: 9.38 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
15:21:02.895
INFO
sample #52: 12.43 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
15:21:03.043
INFO
sample #53: 12.67 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
15:21:03.192
INFO
sample #54: 14.61 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
15:21:03.342
INFO
sample #55: 14.33 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
15:21:03.492
INFO
sample #56: 15.45 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
15:21:03.642
INFO
sample #57: 14.55 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
15:21:03.794
INFO
sample #58: 14.72 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
15:21:03.942
INFO
sample #59: 13.05 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
15:21:04.092
INFO
sample #60: 12.09 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
15:21:04.244
INFO
sample #61: 14.92 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
15:21:04.392
INFO
sample #62: 14.77 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
15:21:04.545
INFO
sample #63: 11.69 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
15:21:04.691
INFO
sample #64: 11.45 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
15:21:04.845
INFO
sample #65: 10.46 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
15:21:04.945
OK
Download trimmed mean: 12.1 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
15:21:04.991
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
15:21:04.995
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
15:21:06.116
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
15:21:07.115
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
15:21:08.115
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
15:21:09.115
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
15:21:09.278
INFO
sample #1: 10.57 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
15:21:09.319
INFO
sample #2: 11.33 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
15:21:09.465
INFO
sample #3: 10.33 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
15:21:09.615
INFO
sample #4: 25.82 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
15:21:09.767
INFO
sample #5: 28.37 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
15:21:09.915
INFO
sample #6: 25.81 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
15:21:10.065
INFO
sample #7: 25.94 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
15:21:10.116
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
15:21:10.254
INFO
sample #8: 27.73 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
15:21:10.373
INFO
sample #9: 28.26 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
15:21:10.516
INFO
sample #10: 25.80 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
15:21:10.666
INFO
sample #11: 25.83 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
15:21:10.823
INFO
sample #12: 17.00 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
15:21:10.969
INFO
sample #13: 19.53 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
15:21:11.124
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
15:21:11.269
INFO
sample #14: 13.26 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
15:21:11.415
INFO
sample #15: 13.28 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
15:21:11.565
INFO
sample #16: 21.69 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
15:21:11.719
INFO
sample #17: 21.64 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
15:21:11.869
INFO
sample #18: 22.16 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
15:21:12.017
INFO
sample #19: 23.85 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
15:21:12.118
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
15:21:12.256
INFO
sample #20: 22.51 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
15:21:12.316
INFO
sample #21: 21.69 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
15:21:12.466
INFO
sample #22: 21.77 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
15:21:12.617
INFO
sample #23: 19.41 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
15:21:12.767
INFO
sample #24: 43.59 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
15:21:12.917
INFO
sample #25: 41.48 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
15:21:13.068
INFO
sample #26: 36.54 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
15:21:13.216
INFO
sample #27: 40.16 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
15:21:13.365
INFO
sample #28: 40.29 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
15:21:13.516
INFO
sample #29: 44.95 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
15:21:13.667
INFO
sample #30: 44.86 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
15:21:13.816
INFO
sample #31: 47.47 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
15:21:13.965
INFO
sample #32: 44.91 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
15:21:14.115
INFO
sample #33: 44.91 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
15:21:14.265
INFO
sample #34: 44.92 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
15:21:14.417
INFO
sample #35: 16.77 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
15:21:14.566
INFO
sample #36: 16.77 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
15:21:14.715
INFO
sample #37: 11.62 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
15:21:14.865
INFO
sample #38: 5.15 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
15:21:15.015
INFO
sample #39: 4.69 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
15:21:15.117
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 28.8 Mbps (39 samples — dropped bottom 9 + top 3, averaged 27)
RESULT
15:21:15.131
OK
Download : 12.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
15:21:15.131
OK
Upload : 28.8 Mbps (trimmed mean)
15:21:15.131
OK
Latency : 75 ms
15:21:17.079
OK
Result saved — session: 072c1e91-3066-417a-9df4-62d0cc7484ff (BD — Bangladesh)