08:21:05.656
INFO
Client IP: 103.186.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
08:21:06.775
INFO
Session ID: f367f3a2-8343-4294-9a9d-6688048567e1
08:21:06.775
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
08:21:06.775
INFO
Client IP: 103.186.xxx.xxx
08:21:06.776
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
08:21:06.777
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
08:21:06.923
INFO
Round 1: 146 ms
08:21:06.985
INFO
Round 2: 61 ms
08:21:07.047
INFO
Round 3: 62 ms
08:21:07.116
INFO
Round 4: 68 ms
08:21:07.177
INFO
Round 5: 60 ms
08:21:07.177
OK
Ping result: 63 ms (dropped highest: 146 ms)
DOWNLOAD
08:21:07.182
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
08:21:07.186
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
08:21:07.340
INFO
sample #1: 3.70 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
08:21:07.489
INFO
sample #2: 15.76 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
08:21:07.639
INFO
sample #3: 21.18 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
08:21:07.789
INFO
sample #4: 15.96 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
08:21:07.939
INFO
sample #5: 12.80 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
08:21:08.089
INFO
sample #6: 10.68 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
08:21:08.189
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
08:21:08.239
INFO
sample #7: 11.27 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
08:21:08.389
INFO
sample #8: 9.93 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
08:21:08.539
INFO
sample #9: 11.92 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
08:21:08.690
INFO
sample #10: 11.16 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
08:21:08.840
INFO
sample #11: 10.15 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
08:21:08.989
INFO
sample #12: 10.89 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
08:21:09.141
INFO
sample #13: 6.85 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
08:21:09.191
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
08:21:09.291
INFO
sample #14: 6.85 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
08:21:09.442
INFO
sample #15: 7.11 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
08:21:09.589
INFO
sample #16: 6.67 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
08:21:09.739
INFO
sample #17: 6.99 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
08:21:09.890
INFO
sample #18: 10.18 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
08:21:10.039
INFO
sample #19: 12.59 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
08:21:10.189
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
08:21:10.190
INFO
sample #20: 10.20 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
08:21:10.339
INFO
sample #21: 16.41 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
08:21:10.489
INFO
sample #22: 18.04 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
08:21:10.639
INFO
sample #23: 16.40 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
08:21:10.789
INFO
sample #24: 15.95 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
08:21:10.939
INFO
sample #25: 26.29 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
08:21:11.089
INFO
sample #26: 30.32 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
08:21:11.190
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
08:21:11.239
INFO
sample #27: 29.08 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
08:21:11.390
INFO
sample #28: 33.28 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
08:21:11.539
INFO
sample #29: 34.17 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
08:21:11.689
INFO
sample #30: 34.40 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
08:21:11.839
INFO
sample #31: 34.65 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
08:21:11.990
INFO
sample #32: 30.05 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
08:21:12.141
INFO
sample #33: 30.02 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
08:21:12.189
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
08:21:12.292
INFO
sample #34: 32.45 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
08:21:12.440
INFO
sample #35: 25.06 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
08:21:12.589
INFO
sample #36: 22.88 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
08:21:12.739
INFO
sample #37: 22.02 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
08:21:12.889
INFO
sample #38: 20.41 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
08:21:13.039
INFO
sample #39: 15.97 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
08:21:13.189
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
08:21:13.191
INFO
sample #40: 10.13 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
08:21:13.339
INFO
sample #41: 10.33 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
08:21:13.489
INFO
sample #42: 10.13 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
08:21:13.640
INFO
sample #43: 11.60 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
08:21:13.789
INFO
sample #44: 13.08 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
08:21:13.940
INFO
sample #45: 12.76 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
08:21:14.090
INFO
sample #46: 13.05 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
08:21:14.190
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
08:21:14.242
INFO
sample #47: 14.17 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
08:21:14.393
INFO
sample #48: 14.07 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
08:21:14.539
INFO
sample #49: 17.52 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
08:21:14.689
INFO
sample #50: 31.06 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
08:21:14.839
INFO
sample #51: 31.17 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
08:21:14.989
INFO
sample #52: 31.23 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
08:21:15.140
INFO
sample #53: 36.08 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
08:21:15.289
INFO
sample #54: 34.47 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
08:21:15.439
INFO
sample #55: 35.95 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
08:21:15.589
INFO
sample #56: 36.13 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
08:21:15.739
INFO
sample #57: 33.67 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
08:21:15.889
INFO
sample #58: 35.69 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
08:21:16.039
INFO
sample #59: 41.14 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
08:21:16.189
INFO
sample #60: 26.56 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
08:21:16.342
INFO
sample #61: 25.55 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
08:21:16.489
INFO
sample #62: 27.61 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
08:21:16.639
INFO
sample #63: 25.34 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
08:21:16.791
INFO
sample #64: 24.00 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
08:21:16.939
INFO
sample #65: 23.99 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
08:21:17.091
INFO
sample #66: 19.73 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
08:21:17.195
OK
Download trimmed mean: 22.4 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
08:21:17.240
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
08:21:17.244
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
08:21:17.795
INFO
sample #1: 6.59 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
08:21:17.945
INFO
sample #2: 5.27 Mbps (1T, 0.7s)
08:21:18.098
INFO
sample #3: 4.37 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
08:21:18.247
INFO
sample #4: 3.75 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
08:21:18.346
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
08:21:18.468
INFO
sample #5: 4.13 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
08:21:18.547
INFO
sample #6: 3.89 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
08:21:18.698
INFO
sample #7: 6.12 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
08:21:18.845
INFO
sample #8: 5.57 Mbps (2T, 1.6s)
08:21:18.995
INFO
sample #9: 10.43 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
08:21:19.145
INFO
sample #10: 15.25 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
08:21:19.295
INFO
sample #11: 25.25 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
08:21:19.345
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
08:21:19.455
INFO
sample #12: 25.08 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
08:21:19.596
INFO
sample #13: 31.21 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
08:21:19.747
INFO
sample #14: 37.45 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
08:21:19.896
INFO
sample #15: 42.44 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
08:21:20.045
INFO
sample #16: 43.55 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
08:21:20.195
INFO
sample #17: 45.16 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
08:21:20.345
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
08:21:20.480
INFO
sample #18: 43.14 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
08:21:20.495
INFO
sample #19: 43.53 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
08:21:20.646
INFO
sample #20: 41.49 Mbps (4T, 3.4s)
08:21:20.796
INFO
sample #21: 30.39 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
08:21:20.945
INFO
sample #22: 31.06 Mbps (4T, 3.7s)
08:21:21.095
INFO
sample #23: 31.26 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
08:21:21.249
INFO
sample #24: 18.24 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
08:21:21.349
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
08:21:21.488
INFO
sample #25: 15.65 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
08:21:21.549
INFO
sample #26: 16.57 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
08:21:21.699
INFO
sample #27: 18.04 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
08:21:21.848
INFO
sample #28: 17.68 Mbps (5T, 4.6s)
08:21:21.995
INFO
sample #29: 21.88 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
08:21:22.145
INFO
sample #30: 19.30 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
08:21:22.295
INFO
sample #31: 32.03 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
08:21:22.345
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
08:21:22.447
INFO
sample #32: 31.43 Mbps (6T, 5.2s)
08:21:22.595
INFO
sample #33: 37.42 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
08:21:22.746
INFO
sample #34: 37.41 Mbps (6T, 5.5s)
08:21:22.895
INFO
sample #35: 41.87 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
08:21:23.045
INFO
sample #36: 44.44 Mbps (6T, 5.8s)
08:21:23.195
INFO
sample #37: 47.36 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
08:21:23.345
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
08:21:23.435
INFO
sample #38: 47.32 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
08:21:23.495
INFO
sample #39: 48.00 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
08:21:23.645
INFO
sample #40: 45.52 Mbps (7T, 6.4s)
08:21:23.795
INFO
sample #41: 57.99 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
08:21:23.945
INFO
sample #42: 44.88 Mbps (7T, 6.7s)
08:21:24.095
INFO
sample #43: 39.67 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
08:21:24.245
INFO
sample #44: 39.95 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
08:21:24.346
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
08:21:24.413
INFO
sample #45: 40.40 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
08:21:24.545
INFO
sample #46: 40.67 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
08:21:24.695
INFO
sample #47: 40.60 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
08:21:24.845
INFO
sample #48: 35.27 Mbps (8T, 7.6s)
08:21:24.995
INFO
sample #49: 33.99 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
08:21:25.145
INFO
sample #50: 33.67 Mbps (8T, 7.9s)
08:21:25.295
INFO
sample #51: 33.67 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
08:21:25.445
INFO
sample #52: 21.20 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
08:21:25.595
INFO
sample #53: 21.76 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
08:21:25.750
INFO
sample #54: 19.60 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
08:21:25.895
INFO
sample #55: 18.98 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
08:21:26.045
INFO
sample #56: 23.53 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
08:21:26.195
INFO
sample #57: 35.10 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
08:21:26.345
INFO
sample #58: 39.57 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
08:21:26.495
INFO
sample #59: 36.95 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
08:21:26.645
INFO
sample #60: 42.20 Mbps (8T, 9.4s)
08:21:26.795
INFO
sample #61: 42.20 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
08:21:26.945
INFO
sample #62: 46.57 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
08:21:27.095
INFO
sample #63: 43.21 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
08:21:27.245
INFO
sample #64: 51.79 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
08:21:27.347
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 35.5 Mbps (64 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 42)
RESULT
08:21:27.358
OK
Download : 22.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
08:21:27.359
OK
Upload : 35.5 Mbps (trimmed mean)
08:21:27.359
OK
Latency : 63 ms
08:21:28.553
OK
Result saved — session: f367f3a2-8343-4294-9a9d-6688048567e1 (BD — Bangladesh)
08:21:29.001
OK
Debug log saved — 171 entries
TEST STARTED
08:21:32.719
INFO
Session ID: 3025dbbb-0740-48e2-a2ed-0ed3c79fe8cc
08:21:32.719
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
08:21:32.719
INFO
Client IP: 103.186.xxx.xxx
08:21:32.719
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
08:21:32.720
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
08:21:32.847
INFO
Round 1: 127 ms
08:21:33.012
INFO
Round 2: 165 ms
08:21:33.074
INFO
Round 3: 62 ms
08:21:33.240
INFO
Round 4: 165 ms
08:21:33.304
INFO
Round 5: 63 ms
08:21:33.304
OK
Ping result: 104 ms (dropped highest: 165 ms)
DOWNLOAD
08:21:33.308
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
08:21:33.311
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
08:21:33.465
INFO
sample #1: 0.40 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
08:21:33.617
INFO
sample #2: 0.63 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
08:21:33.766
INFO
sample #3: 1.57 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
08:21:33.914
INFO
sample #4: 1.73 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
08:21:34.067
INFO
sample #5: 2.76 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
08:21:34.212
INFO
sample #6: 4.93 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
08:21:34.312
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
08:21:34.363
INFO
sample #7: 10.93 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
08:21:34.512
INFO
sample #8: 9.79 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
08:21:34.662
INFO
sample #9: 14.22 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
08:21:34.812
INFO
sample #10: 20.69 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
08:21:34.963
INFO
sample #11: 19.84 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
08:21:35.112
INFO
sample #12: 26.65 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
08:21:35.262
INFO
sample #13: 31.22 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
08:21:35.312
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
08:21:35.412
INFO
sample #14: 35.46 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
08:21:35.562
INFO
sample #15: 35.69 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
08:21:35.712
INFO
sample #16: 40.03 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
08:21:35.862
INFO
sample #17: 39.76 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
08:21:36.020
INFO
sample #18: 38.65 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
08:21:36.162
INFO
sample #19: 40.67 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
08:21:36.312
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
08:21:36.314
INFO
sample #20: 38.93 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
08:21:36.462
INFO
sample #21: 35.43 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
08:21:36.612
INFO
sample #22: 32.68 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
08:21:36.762
INFO
sample #23: 30.11 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
08:21:36.913
INFO
sample #24: 23.02 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
08:21:37.063
INFO
sample #25: 22.93 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
08:21:37.213
INFO
sample #26: 18.87 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
08:21:37.312
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
08:21:37.362
INFO
sample #27: 17.79 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
08:21:37.512
INFO
sample #28: 20.62 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
08:21:37.662
INFO
sample #29: 21.18 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
08:21:37.812
INFO
sample #30: 16.37 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
08:21:37.963
INFO
sample #31: 12.23 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
08:21:38.113
INFO
sample #32: 10.30 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
08:21:38.266
INFO
sample #33: 11.20 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
08:21:38.315
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
08:21:38.415
INFO
sample #34: 13.30 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
08:21:38.562
INFO
sample #35: 14.22 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
08:21:38.712
INFO
sample #36: 17.04 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
08:21:38.863
INFO
sample #37: 20.10 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
08:21:39.012
INFO
sample #38: 19.90 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
08:21:39.162
INFO
sample #39: 16.21 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
08:21:39.312
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
08:21:39.313
INFO
sample #40: 23.89 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
08:21:39.462
INFO
sample #41: 28.56 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
08:21:39.612
INFO
sample #42: 28.56 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
08:21:39.762
INFO
sample #43: 38.35 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
08:21:39.912
INFO
sample #44: 37.73 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
08:21:40.062
INFO
sample #45: 36.37 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
08:21:40.212
INFO
sample #46: 35.87 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
08:21:40.312
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
08:21:40.362
INFO
sample #47: 46.63 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
08:21:40.512
INFO
sample #48: 43.89 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
08:21:40.662
INFO
sample #49: 43.85 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
08:21:40.814
INFO
sample #50: 40.18 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
08:21:40.964
INFO
sample #51: 33.34 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
08:21:41.114
INFO
sample #52: 33.51 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
08:21:41.264
INFO
sample #53: 23.31 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
08:21:41.417
INFO
sample #54: 23.00 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
08:21:41.562
INFO
sample #55: 22.98 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
08:21:41.712
INFO
sample #56: 23.51 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
08:21:41.862
INFO
sample #57: 22.40 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
08:21:42.012
INFO
sample #58: 8.13 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
08:21:42.162
INFO
sample #59: 9.52 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
08:21:42.312
INFO
sample #60: 10.33 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
08:21:42.462
INFO
sample #61: 11.76 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
08:21:42.612
INFO
sample #62: 12.56 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
08:21:42.763
INFO
sample #63: 13.12 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
08:21:42.913
INFO
sample #64: 13.83 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
08:21:43.064
INFO
sample #65: 15.62 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
08:21:43.212
INFO
sample #66: 15.81 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
08:21:43.314
OK
Download trimmed mean: 25.2 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
08:21:43.338
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
08:21:43.341
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
08:21:43.730
INFO
sample #1: 9.58 Mbps (1T, 0.4s)
08:21:43.881
INFO
sample #2: 7.00 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
08:21:44.030
INFO
sample #3: 5.53 Mbps (1T, 0.7s)
08:21:44.180
INFO
sample #4: 4.57 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
08:21:44.328
INFO
sample #5: 3.90 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
08:21:44.428
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
08:21:44.552
INFO
sample #6: 4.36 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
08:21:44.628
INFO
sample #7: 4.11 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
08:21:44.778
INFO
sample #8: 8.27 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
08:21:44.928
INFO
sample #9: 7.50 Mbps (2T, 1.6s)
08:21:45.078
INFO
sample #10: 9.26 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
08:21:45.229
INFO
sample #11: 8.41 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
08:21:45.378
INFO
sample #12: 7.00 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
08:21:45.427
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
08:21:46.094
INFO
sample #13: 11.82 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
08:21:47.093
INFO
sample #14: 12.83 Mbps (3T, 3.8s)
08:21:47.097
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
08:21:48.094
INFO
sample #15: 26.53 Mbps (4T, 4.8s)
08:21:48.095
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
08:21:49.097
INFO
sample #16: 37.10 Mbps (5T, 5.8s)
08:21:49.098
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
08:21:50.094
INFO
sample #17: 27.72 Mbps (6T, 6.8s)
08:21:50.095
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
08:21:51.093
INFO
sample #18: 27.57 Mbps (7T, 7.8s)
08:21:51.094
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
08:21:52.094
INFO
sample #19: 36.58 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
08:21:53.094
INFO
sample #20: 35.12 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
08:21:54.093
INFO
sample #21: 28.25 Mbps (8T, 10.8s)
08:21:54.100
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 16.2 Mbps (21 samples — dropped bottom 5 + top 2, averaged 14)
RESULT
08:21:54.114
OK
Download : 25.2 Mbps (trimmed mean)
08:21:54.115
OK
Upload : 16.2 Mbps (trimmed mean)
08:21:54.115
OK
Latency : 104 ms
08:21:55.791
OK
Result saved — session: 3025dbbb-0740-48e2-a2ed-0ed3c79fe8cc (BD — Bangladesh)