20:50:00.412
INFO
Client IP: 182.252.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
20:50:02.141
INFO
Session ID: b0d3f998-6fd5-4f8a-8dc8-eebe062eaef2
20:50:02.141
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
20:50:02.141
INFO
Client IP: 182.252.xxx.xxx
20:50:02.141
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Safari/537.36
LATENCY
20:50:02.149
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
20:50:02.655
INFO
Round 1: 505 ms
20:50:03.317
INFO
Round 2: 661 ms
20:50:03.419
INFO
Round 3: 101 ms
20:50:03.672
INFO
Round 4: 253 ms
20:50:03.789
INFO
Round 5: 117 ms
20:50:03.790
OK
Ping result: 244 ms (dropped highest: 661 ms)
DOWNLOAD
20:50:03.798
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
20:50:03.802
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
20:50:04.105
INFO
sample #1: 0.20 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
20:50:04.254
INFO
sample #2: 0.14 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
20:50:04.404
INFO
sample #3: 0.54 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
20:50:04.557
INFO
sample #4: 0.43 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
20:50:04.707
INFO
sample #5: 0.50 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
20:50:04.804
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
20:50:04.854
INFO
sample #6: 0.68 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
20:50:05.004
INFO
sample #7: 0.60 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
20:50:05.155
INFO
sample #8: 0.67 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
20:50:05.305
INFO
sample #9: 0.61 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
20:50:05.454
INFO
sample #10: 0.63 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
20:50:05.604
INFO
sample #11: 0.83 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
20:50:05.754
INFO
sample #12: 0.87 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
20:50:05.804
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
20:50:05.904
INFO
sample #13: 0.79 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
20:50:06.054
INFO
sample #14: 0.64 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
20:50:06.205
INFO
sample #15: 0.87 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
20:50:06.358
INFO
sample #16: 0.70 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
20:50:06.504
INFO
sample #17: 0.70 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
20:50:06.655
INFO
sample #18: 0.57 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
20:50:06.804
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
20:50:06.807
INFO
sample #19: 0.57 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
20:50:06.954
INFO
sample #20: 0.74 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
20:50:07.104
INFO
sample #21: 0.52 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:50:07.254
INFO
sample #22: 0.92 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
20:50:07.404
INFO
sample #23: 1.44 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
20:50:07.554
INFO
sample #24: 2.02 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
20:50:07.704
INFO
sample #25: 2.54 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
20:50:07.804
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
20:50:07.855
INFO
sample #26: 3.02 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
20:50:08.004
INFO
sample #27: 3.42 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
20:50:08.154
INFO
sample #28: 4.13 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
20:50:08.304
INFO
sample #29: 4.57 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
20:50:08.454
INFO
sample #30: 4.74 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
20:50:08.605
INFO
sample #31: 5.29 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
20:50:08.754
INFO
sample #32: 5.28 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
20:50:08.804
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
20:50:08.904
INFO
sample #33: 5.80 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
20:50:09.054
INFO
sample #34: 6.28 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
20:50:09.204
INFO
sample #35: 5.96 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
20:50:09.362
INFO
sample #36: 5.61 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
20:50:09.504
INFO
sample #37: 5.64 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
20:50:09.654
INFO
sample #38: 5.72 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
20:50:09.804
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
20:50:09.807
INFO
sample #39: 5.71 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
20:50:09.954
INFO
sample #40: 6.37 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
20:50:10.104
INFO
sample #41: 6.43 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
20:50:10.254
INFO
sample #42: 6.27 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
20:50:10.405
INFO
sample #43: 5.94 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
20:50:10.554
INFO
sample #44: 5.50 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
20:50:10.704
INFO
sample #45: 5.24 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
20:50:10.804
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
20:50:10.854
INFO
sample #46: 5.56 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
20:50:11.004
INFO
sample #47: 5.50 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
20:50:11.159
INFO
sample #48: 5.01 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
20:50:11.304
INFO
sample #49: 5.36 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
20:50:11.455
INFO
sample #50: 4.63 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
20:50:11.604
INFO
sample #51: 4.46 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
20:50:11.754
INFO
sample #52: 4.77 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
20:50:11.912
INFO
sample #53: 5.18 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
20:50:12.058
INFO
sample #54: 5.10 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
20:50:12.208
INFO
sample #55: 4.84 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
20:50:12.360
INFO
sample #56: 4.31 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
20:50:12.508
INFO
sample #57: 4.49 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
20:50:12.659
INFO
sample #58: 4.24 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
20:50:12.804
INFO
sample #59: 4.41 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
20:50:12.954
INFO
sample #60: 4.25 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
20:50:13.104
INFO
sample #61: 4.57 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
20:50:13.254
INFO
sample #62: 3.80 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
20:50:13.408
INFO
sample #63: 3.85 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
20:50:13.557
INFO
sample #64: 3.50 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
20:50:13.704
INFO
sample #65: 3.58 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
20:50:13.817
OK
Download trimmed mean: 4.0 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
20:50:13.855
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
20:50:13.860
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
20:50:14.980
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
20:50:15.330
INFO
sample #1: 5.49 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
20:50:15.483
INFO
sample #2: 4.98 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
20:50:15.630
INFO
sample #3: 9.15 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
20:50:15.783
INFO
sample #4: 10.01 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
20:50:15.931
INFO
sample #5: 11.00 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
20:50:15.980
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
20:50:16.106
INFO
sample #6: 10.82 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
20:50:16.232
INFO
sample #7: 10.99 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
20:50:16.382
INFO
sample #8: 16.49 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
20:50:16.530
INFO
sample #9: 15.01 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
20:50:16.680
INFO
sample #10: 15.78 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
20:50:16.830
INFO
sample #11: 11.01 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
20:50:16.980
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
20:50:17.106
INFO
sample #12: 10.18 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:50:17.130
INFO
sample #13: 10.03 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:50:17.280
INFO
sample #14: 5.01 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
20:50:17.430
INFO
sample #15: 10.03 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
20:50:17.580
INFO
sample #16: 10.01 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
20:50:17.730
INFO
sample #17: 10.17 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
20:50:17.880
INFO
sample #18: 10.02 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
20:50:17.980
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
20:50:18.114
INFO
sample #19: 5.21 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
20:50:18.180
INFO
sample #20: 5.50 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
20:50:18.330
INFO
sample #21: 5.00 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
20:50:18.480
INFO
sample #22: 5.01 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
20:50:18.630
INFO
sample #23: 5.50 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
20:50:18.780
INFO
sample #24: 5.00 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
20:50:18.980
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
20:50:19.980
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
20:50:20.980
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
20:50:22.680
INFO
sample #25: 5.50 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
20:50:22.830
INFO
sample #26: 5.00 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
20:50:22.980
INFO
sample #27: 5.50 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
20:50:23.130
INFO
sample #28: 5.00 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
20:50:23.283
INFO
sample #29: 5.49 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
20:50:23.430
INFO
sample #30: 5.00 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
20:50:23.587
INFO
sample #31: 5.48 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
20:50:23.736
INFO
sample #32: 5.48 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
20:50:23.880
INFO
sample #33: 5.00 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
20:50:23.984
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 8.1 Mbps (33 samples — dropped bottom 8 + top 3, averaged 22)
RESULT
20:50:23.999
OK
Download : 4.0 Mbps (trimmed mean)
20:50:23.999
OK
Upload : 8.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
20:50:23.999
OK
Latency : 244 ms
20:50:29.206
OK
Result saved — session: b0d3f998-6fd5-4f8a-8dc8-eebe062eaef2 (BD — Bangladesh)
20:50:31.355
OK
Debug log saved — 139 entries
TEST STARTED
20:50:52.323
INFO
Session ID: 3e0dc02e-d2ed-47c9-8167-3f1662637ffc
20:50:52.323
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
20:50:52.323
INFO
Client IP: 182.252.xxx.xxx
20:50:52.323
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Safari/537.36
LATENCY
20:50:52.325
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
20:50:52.523
INFO
Round 1: 198 ms
20:50:52.611
INFO
Round 2: 88 ms
20:50:52.723
INFO
Round 3: 112 ms
20:50:52.862
INFO
Round 4: 139 ms
20:50:52.925
INFO
Round 5: 63 ms
20:50:52.925
OK
Ping result: 101 ms (dropped highest: 198 ms)
DOWNLOAD
20:50:52.931
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
20:50:52.935
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
20:50:53.236
INFO
sample #1: 0.63 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
20:50:53.386
INFO
sample #2: 1.00 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
20:50:53.536
INFO
sample #3: 1.95 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
20:50:53.689
INFO
sample #4: 2.42 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
20:50:53.836
INFO
sample #5: 2.75 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
20:50:53.936
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
20:50:53.986
INFO
sample #6: 3.35 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
20:50:54.138
INFO
sample #7: 4.01 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
20:50:54.286
INFO
sample #8: 3.77 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
20:50:54.437
INFO
sample #9: 3.91 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
20:50:54.586
INFO
sample #10: 3.92 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
20:50:54.736
INFO
sample #11: 4.65 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
20:50:54.891
INFO
sample #12: 5.31 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
20:50:54.936
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
20:50:55.036
INFO
sample #13: 5.80 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
20:50:55.186
INFO
sample #14: 5.92 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
20:50:55.341
INFO
sample #15: 6.66 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
20:50:55.489
INFO
sample #16: 7.10 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
20:50:55.644
INFO
sample #17: 6.83 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
20:50:55.791
INFO
sample #18: 7.10 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
20:50:55.936
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
20:50:55.937
INFO
sample #19: 6.63 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
20:50:56.087
INFO
sample #20: 6.37 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
20:50:56.236
INFO
sample #21: 5.85 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:50:56.386
INFO
sample #22: 5.32 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
20:50:56.539
INFO
sample #23: 4.27 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
20:50:56.690
INFO
sample #24: 3.66 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
20:50:56.838
INFO
sample #25: 3.57 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
20:50:56.940
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
20:50:56.990
INFO
sample #26: 1.75 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
20:50:57.136
INFO
sample #27: 1.75 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
20:50:57.286
INFO
sample #28: 1.44 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
20:50:57.436
INFO
sample #29: 1.99 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
20:50:57.586
INFO
sample #30: 1.83 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
20:50:57.736
INFO
sample #31: 1.91 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
20:50:57.893
INFO
sample #32: 1.83 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
20:50:57.936
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
20:50:58.039
INFO
sample #33: 1.66 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
20:50:58.190
INFO
sample #34: 1.83 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
20:50:58.339
INFO
sample #35: 1.83 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
20:50:58.488
INFO
sample #36: 1.67 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
20:50:58.637
INFO
sample #37: 1.66 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
20:50:58.788
INFO
sample #38: 1.48 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
20:50:58.938
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
20:50:58.939
INFO
sample #39: 0.61 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
20:50:59.087
INFO
sample #40: 0.61 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
20:50:59.236
INFO
sample #41: 0.52 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
20:50:59.388
INFO
sample #42: 0.48 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
20:50:59.538
INFO
sample #43: 0.48 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
20:50:59.688
INFO
sample #44: 0.48 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
20:50:59.836
INFO
sample #45: 0.40 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
20:50:59.936
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
20:50:59.986
INFO
sample #46: 0.32 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
20:51:00.136
INFO
sample #47: 0.32 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
20:51:00.286
INFO
sample #48: 0.32 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
20:51:00.437
INFO
sample #49: 0.40 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
20:51:00.586
INFO
sample #50: 0.48 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
20:51:00.736
INFO
sample #51: 0.48 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
20:51:00.889
INFO
sample #52: 0.52 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
20:51:01.036
INFO
sample #53: 0.56 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
20:51:01.188
INFO
sample #54: 0.56 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
20:51:01.338
INFO
sample #55: 0.61 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
20:51:01.486
INFO
sample #56: 1.09 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
20:51:01.637
INFO
sample #57: 1.97 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
20:51:01.786
INFO
sample #58: 2.66 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
20:51:01.936
INFO
sample #59: 3.37 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
20:51:02.086
INFO
sample #60: 4.19 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
20:51:02.236
INFO
sample #61: 4.60 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
20:51:02.386
INFO
sample #62: 5.24 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
20:51:02.539
INFO
sample #63: 6.54 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
20:51:02.686
INFO
sample #64: 7.15 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
20:51:02.837
INFO
sample #65: 8.26 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
20:51:02.939
OK
Download trimmed mean: 3.2 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
20:51:02.976
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
20:51:02.980
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
20:51:04.006
INFO
sample #1: 7.90 Mbps (1T, 1.1s)
20:51:04.106
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
20:51:04.239
INFO
sample #2: 6.48 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
20:51:04.306
INFO
sample #3: 6.16 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
20:51:04.456
INFO
sample #4: 5.55 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
20:51:04.606
INFO
sample #5: 5.05 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
20:51:04.756
INFO
sample #6: 9.26 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
20:51:04.906
INFO
sample #7: 11.18 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
20:51:05.056
INFO
sample #8: 10.17 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
20:51:05.106
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
20:51:05.234
INFO
sample #9: 10.98 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
20:51:05.356
INFO
sample #10: 10.17 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
20:51:05.506
INFO
sample #11: 10.17 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
20:51:05.656
INFO
sample #12: 5.08 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
20:51:05.806
INFO
sample #13: 5.59 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
20:51:05.956
INFO
sample #14: 7.70 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
20:51:06.106
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
20:51:06.237
INFO
sample #15: 7.80 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:51:06.256
INFO
sample #16: 7.71 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
20:51:06.406
INFO
sample #17: 2.62 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
20:51:06.557
INFO
sample #18: 12.23 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
20:51:06.706
INFO
sample #19: 11.12 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
20:51:06.857
INFO
sample #20: 17.74 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
20:51:07.006
INFO
sample #21: 16.12 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
20:51:07.107
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
20:51:07.235
INFO
sample #22: 16.85 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
20:51:07.307
INFO
sample #23: 17.74 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
20:51:07.457
INFO
sample #24: 14.85 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
20:51:07.606
INFO
sample #25: 13.50 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
20:51:07.757
INFO
sample #26: 22.71 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
20:51:07.907
INFO
sample #27: 22.71 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
20:51:08.056
INFO
sample #28: 20.65 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
20:51:08.106
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
20:51:08.241
INFO
sample #29: 13.07 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
20:51:08.356
INFO
sample #30: 12.16 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
20:51:08.507
INFO
sample #31: 7.86 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
20:51:08.656
INFO
sample #32: 7.15 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
20:51:08.807
INFO
sample #33: 7.51 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
20:51:08.956
INFO
sample #34: 7.15 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
20:51:09.106
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
20:51:09.248
INFO
sample #35: 7.19 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
20:51:09.268
INFO
sample #36: 2.52 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
20:51:09.407
INFO
sample #37: 8.04 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
20:51:09.557
INFO
sample #38: 7.31 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
20:51:09.709
INFO
sample #39: 7.30 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
20:51:09.856
INFO
sample #40: 8.04 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
20:51:10.006
INFO
sample #41: 7.31 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
20:51:10.107
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
20:51:10.233
INFO
sample #42: 7.65 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
20:51:10.306
INFO
sample #43: 7.31 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
20:51:10.461
INFO
sample #44: 8.02 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
20:51:10.606
INFO
sample #45: 7.31 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
20:51:10.756
INFO
sample #46: 7.99 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
20:51:11.956
INFO
sample #47: 3.42 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
20:51:12.110
INFO
sample #48: 3.75 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
20:51:12.264
INFO
sample #49: 3.74 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
20:51:12.413
INFO
sample #50: 3.74 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
20:51:12.563
INFO
sample #51: 3.74 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
20:51:12.712
INFO
sample #52: 3.74 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
20:51:12.863
INFO
sample #53: 3.74 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
20:51:13.012
INFO
sample #54: 3.75 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
20:51:13.113
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 9.3 Mbps (54 samples — dropped bottom 13 + top 5, averaged 36)
RESULT
20:51:13.121
OK
Download : 3.2 Mbps (trimmed mean)
20:51:13.121
OK
Upload : 9.3 Mbps (trimmed mean)
20:51:13.121
OK
Latency : 101 ms
20:51:16.748
OK
Result saved — session: 3e0dc02e-d2ed-47c9-8167-3f1662637ffc (BD — Bangladesh)