11:28:31.055
INFO
Client IP: 103.81.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
11:28:32.757
INFO
Session ID: 52ca9246-6c89-4988-9b9d-6eb8106f2f63
11:28:32.758
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
11:28:32.758
INFO
Client IP: 103.81.xxx.xxx
11:28:32.758
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/138.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
11:28:32.770
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
11:28:32.845
INFO
Round 1: 75 ms
11:28:32.918
INFO
Round 2: 72 ms
11:28:32.977
INFO
Round 3: 58 ms
11:28:33.037
INFO
Round 4: 60 ms
11:28:33.115
INFO
Round 5: 78 ms
11:28:33.116
OK
Ping result: 66 ms (dropped highest: 78 ms)
DOWNLOAD
11:28:33.124
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
11:28:33.131
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
11:28:33.288
INFO
sample #1: 7.17 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
11:28:33.437
INFO
sample #2: 8.35 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
11:28:33.587
INFO
sample #3: 5.65 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
11:28:33.737
INFO
sample #4: 4.27 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
11:28:33.887
INFO
sample #5: 5.32 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
11:28:34.037
INFO
sample #6: 4.73 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
11:28:34.137
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
11:28:34.187
INFO
sample #7: 5.91 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
11:28:34.348
INFO
sample #8: 5.72 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
11:28:34.497
INFO
sample #9: 5.10 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
11:28:34.642
INFO
sample #10: 4.61 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
11:28:34.787
INFO
sample #11: 4.21 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
11:28:34.937
INFO
sample #12: 3.53 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
11:28:35.101
INFO
sample #13: 3.07 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
11:28:35.137
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
11:28:35.237
INFO
sample #14: 3.77 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
11:28:35.387
INFO
sample #15: 4.65 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
11:28:35.537
INFO
sample #16: 4.41 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
11:28:35.689
INFO
sample #17: 3.36 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
11:28:35.837
INFO
sample #18: 3.37 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
11:28:35.988
INFO
sample #19: 3.44 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
11:28:36.137
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
11:28:36.139
INFO
sample #20: 4.15 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
11:28:36.287
INFO
sample #21: 4.94 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
11:28:36.439
INFO
sample #22: 5.41 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
11:28:36.587
INFO
sample #23: 4.92 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
11:28:36.737
INFO
sample #24: 4.81 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
11:28:36.887
INFO
sample #25: 3.85 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
11:28:37.037
INFO
sample #26: 3.22 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
11:28:37.165
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
11:28:37.187
INFO
sample #27: 3.06 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
11:28:37.337
INFO
sample #28: 3.71 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
11:28:37.487
INFO
sample #29: 4.25 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
11:28:37.637
INFO
sample #30: 3.93 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
11:28:37.787
INFO
sample #31: 3.54 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
11:28:37.938
INFO
sample #32: 3.29 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
11:28:38.087
INFO
sample #33: 4.69 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
11:28:38.137
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
11:28:38.237
INFO
sample #34: 5.81 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
11:28:38.387
INFO
sample #35: 5.77 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
11:28:38.539
INFO
sample #36: 5.50 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
11:28:38.687
INFO
sample #37: 4.98 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
11:28:38.837
INFO
sample #38: 4.61 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
11:28:38.988
INFO
sample #39: 4.20 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
11:28:39.137
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
11:28:39.141
INFO
sample #40: 5.41 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
11:28:39.297
INFO
sample #41: 5.12 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
11:28:39.437
INFO
sample #42: 4.69 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
11:28:39.587
INFO
sample #43: 3.02 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
11:28:39.737
INFO
sample #44: 2.82 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
11:28:39.887
INFO
sample #45: 2.38 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
11:28:40.037
INFO
sample #46: 3.18 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
11:28:40.156
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
11:28:40.187
INFO
sample #47: 4.69 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
11:28:40.337
INFO
sample #48: 5.07 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
11:28:40.488
INFO
sample #49: 4.28 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
11:28:40.637
INFO
sample #50: 3.89 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
11:28:40.787
INFO
sample #51: 2.63 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
11:28:40.937
INFO
sample #52: 3.41 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
11:28:41.087
INFO
sample #53: 4.29 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
11:28:41.237
INFO
sample #54: 5.16 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
11:28:41.387
INFO
sample #55: 4.98 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
11:28:41.537
INFO
sample #56: 4.53 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
11:28:41.687
INFO
sample #57: 2.45 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
11:28:41.837
INFO
sample #58: 2.22 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
11:28:41.987
INFO
sample #59: 2.22 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
11:28:42.137
INFO
sample #60: 2.62 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
11:28:42.287
INFO
sample #61: 2.78 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
11:28:42.437
INFO
sample #62: 3.93 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
11:28:42.587
INFO
sample #63: 3.50 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
11:28:42.737
INFO
sample #64: 4.21 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
11:28:42.887
INFO
sample #65: 4.93 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
11:28:43.037
INFO
sample #66: 5.42 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
11:28:43.143
OK
Download trimmed mean: 4.5 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
11:28:43.218
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
11:28:43.228
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
11:28:44.031
INFO
sample #1: 2.85 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
11:28:44.181
INFO
sample #2: 2.43 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
11:28:44.331
INFO
sample #3: 7.81 Mbps (1T, 1.2s)
11:28:44.482
INFO
sample #4: 9.79 Mbps (1T, 1.3s)
11:28:44.583
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
11:28:45.037
INFO
sample #5: 11.85 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
11:28:45.087
INFO
sample #6: 11.54 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
11:28:45.231
INFO
sample #7: 10.74 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
11:28:45.382
INFO
sample #8: 24.99 Mbps (2T, 2.2s)
11:28:45.531
INFO
sample #9: 29.44 Mbps (2T, 2.4s)
11:28:45.618
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
11:28:46.167
INFO
sample #10: 26.84 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
11:28:46.282
INFO
sample #11: 25.12 Mbps (3T, 3.1s)
11:28:46.441
INFO
sample #12: 28.17 Mbps (3T, 3.3s)
11:28:46.581
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
11:28:47.090
INFO
sample #13: 16.65 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
11:28:47.182
INFO
sample #14: 19.06 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
11:28:47.331
INFO
sample #15: 17.48 Mbps (4T, 4.2s)
11:28:47.498
INFO
sample #16: 15.99 Mbps (4T, 4.3s)
11:28:47.587
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
11:28:48.151
INFO
sample #17: 21.68 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
11:28:48.231
INFO
sample #18: 20.71 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
11:28:48.382
INFO
sample #19: 28.83 Mbps (5T, 5.2s)
11:28:48.531
INFO
sample #20: 29.65 Mbps (5T, 5.4s)
11:28:48.582
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
11:28:49.149
INFO
sample #21: 35.17 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
11:28:49.282
INFO
sample #22: 32.56 Mbps (6T, 6.1s)
11:28:49.431
INFO
sample #23: 30.03 Mbps (6T, 6.3s)
11:28:49.604
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
11:28:50.202
INFO
sample #24: 8.63 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
11:28:50.333
INFO
sample #25: 17.61 Mbps (7T, 7.2s)
11:28:50.505
INFO
sample #26: 16.07 Mbps (7T, 7.3s)
11:28:50.581
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
11:28:51.287
INFO
sample #27: 24.38 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
11:28:51.381
INFO
sample #28: 23.19 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
11:28:51.531
INFO
sample #29: 21.53 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
11:28:51.697
INFO
sample #30: 19.96 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
11:28:51.831
INFO
sample #31: 34.52 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
11:28:52.159
INFO
sample #32: 25.43 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
11:28:52.447
INFO
sample #33: 23.22 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
11:28:52.613
INFO
sample #34: 27.79 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
11:28:52.791
INFO
sample #35: 27.64 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
11:28:52.882
INFO
sample #36: 30.84 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
11:28:53.032
INFO
sample #37: 30.84 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
11:28:53.183
INFO
sample #38: 32.22 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
11:28:53.348
INFO
sample #39: 25.25 Mbps (8T, 10.2s)
11:28:53.482
INFO
sample #40: 25.02 Mbps (8T, 10.3s)
11:28:53.672
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 24.7 Mbps (40 samples — dropped bottom 10 + top 4, averaged 26)
RESULT
11:28:54.192
OK
Download : 4.5 Mbps (trimmed mean)
11:28:54.192
OK
Upload : 24.7 Mbps (trimmed mean)
11:28:54.193
OK
Latency : 66 ms
11:28:55.348
OK
Result saved — session: 52ca9246-6c89-4988-9b9d-6eb8106f2f63 (BD — Bangladesh)
11:28:55.766
OK
Debug log saved — 147 entries
TEST STARTED
11:29:00.600
INFO
Session ID: 69b0e004-d7cc-43f9-af71-b2706c25f47b
11:29:00.601
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
11:29:00.602
INFO
Client IP: 103.81.xxx.xxx
11:29:00.602
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/138.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
11:29:00.628
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
11:29:00.708
INFO
Round 1: 70 ms
11:29:00.784
INFO
Round 2: 76 ms
11:29:00.871
INFO
Round 3: 86 ms
11:29:00.962
INFO
Round 4: 90 ms
11:29:01.069
INFO
Round 5: 106 ms
11:29:01.069
OK
Ping result: 81 ms (dropped highest: 106 ms)
DOWNLOAD
11:29:01.093
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
11:29:01.108
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
11:29:01.414
INFO
sample #1: 1.81 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
11:29:01.564
INFO
sample #2: 4.98 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
11:29:01.714
INFO
sample #3: 6.72 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
11:29:01.864
INFO
sample #4: 8.64 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
11:29:02.014
INFO
sample #5: 7.24 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
11:29:02.114
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
11:29:02.164
INFO
sample #6: 6.23 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
11:29:02.330
INFO
sample #7: 5.39 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
11:29:02.466
INFO
sample #8: 4.86 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
11:29:02.616
INFO
sample #9: 4.38 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
11:29:02.764
INFO
sample #10: 4.46 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
11:29:02.924
INFO
sample #11: 4.25 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
11:29:03.066
INFO
sample #12: 3.67 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
11:29:03.114
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
11:29:03.214
INFO
sample #13: 3.49 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
11:29:03.364
INFO
sample #14: 4.45 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
11:29:03.521
INFO
sample #15: 3.22 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
11:29:03.679
INFO
sample #16: 3.20 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
11:29:03.814
INFO
sample #17: 3.02 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
11:29:03.964
INFO
sample #18: 3.21 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
11:29:04.115
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
11:29:04.118
INFO
sample #19: 3.93 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
11:29:04.264
INFO
sample #20: 4.57 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
11:29:04.414
INFO
sample #21: 4.81 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
11:29:04.564
INFO
sample #22: 4.64 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
11:29:04.714
INFO
sample #23: 4.65 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
11:29:04.864
INFO
sample #24: 4.37 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
11:29:05.026
INFO
sample #25: 4.00 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
11:29:05.114
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
11:29:05.164
INFO
sample #26: 4.86 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
11:29:05.314
INFO
sample #27: 5.24 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
11:29:05.464
INFO
sample #28: 4.76 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
11:29:05.620
INFO
sample #29: 4.62 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
11:29:05.764
INFO
sample #30: 3.54 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
11:29:05.928
INFO
sample #31: 3.50 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
11:29:06.064
INFO
sample #32: 3.89 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
11:29:06.115
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
11:29:06.215
INFO
sample #33: 4.28 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
11:29:06.364
INFO
sample #34: 3.89 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
11:29:06.526
INFO
sample #35: 3.37 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
11:29:06.666
INFO
sample #36: 2.05 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
11:29:06.814
INFO
sample #37: 2.75 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
11:29:06.982
INFO
sample #38: 3.15 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
11:29:07.114
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
11:29:07.117
INFO
sample #39: 3.37 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
11:29:07.264
INFO
sample #40: 4.47 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
11:29:07.414
INFO
sample #41: 4.69 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
11:29:07.564
INFO
sample #42: 4.49 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
11:29:07.730
INFO
sample #43: 3.50 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
11:29:07.864
INFO
sample #44: 3.25 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
11:29:08.026
INFO
sample #45: 3.31 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
11:29:08.114
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
11:29:08.164
INFO
sample #46: 4.52 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
11:29:08.314
INFO
sample #47: 5.21 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
11:29:08.464
INFO
sample #48: 4.57 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
11:29:08.614
INFO
sample #49: 4.21 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
11:29:08.764
INFO
sample #50: 2.88 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
11:29:08.914
INFO
sample #51: 3.19 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
11:29:09.078
INFO
sample #52: 4.33 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
11:29:09.218
INFO
sample #53: 4.28 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
11:29:09.388
INFO
sample #54: 4.61 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
11:29:09.514
INFO
sample #55: 4.25 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
11:29:09.664
INFO
sample #56: 3.88 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
11:29:09.814
INFO
sample #57: 2.62 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
11:29:09.964
INFO
sample #58: 1.91 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
11:29:10.114
INFO
sample #59: 2.28 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
11:29:10.288
INFO
sample #60: 2.84 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
11:29:10.415
INFO
sample #61: 3.19 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
11:29:10.564
INFO
sample #62: 3.93 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
11:29:10.714
INFO
sample #63: 3.53 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
11:29:10.864
INFO
sample #64: 4.70 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
11:29:11.016
INFO
sample #65: 5.15 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
11:29:11.128
OK
Download trimmed mean: 4.3 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
11:29:11.210
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
11:29:11.217
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
11:29:12.090
INFO
sample #1: 2.63 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
11:29:12.269
INFO
sample #2: 2.21 Mbps (1T, 1.1s)
11:29:12.390
INFO
sample #3: 2.83 Mbps (1T, 1.2s)
11:29:12.540
INFO
sample #4: 2.53 Mbps (1T, 1.4s)
11:29:12.639
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
11:29:12.990
INFO
sample #5: 3.76 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
11:29:13.140
INFO
sample #6: 3.48 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
11:29:13.290
INFO
sample #7: 6.83 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
11:29:13.456
INFO
sample #8: 9.68 Mbps (2T, 2.3s)
11:29:13.592
INFO
sample #9: 10.99 Mbps (2T, 2.5s)
11:29:13.639
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
11:29:14.004
INFO
sample #10: 11.69 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
11:29:14.040
INFO
sample #11: 11.44 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
11:29:14.190
INFO
sample #12: 11.44 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
11:29:14.350
INFO
sample #13: 17.60 Mbps (3T, 3.2s)
11:29:14.494
INFO
sample #14: 19.70 Mbps (3T, 3.4s)
11:29:14.645
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
11:29:15.050
INFO
sample #15: 18.33 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
11:29:15.090
INFO
sample #16: 20.45 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
11:29:15.240
INFO
sample #17: 17.66 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
11:29:15.389
INFO
sample #18: 22.97 Mbps (4T, 4.2s)
11:29:15.540
INFO
sample #19: 25.25 Mbps (4T, 4.4s)
11:29:15.639
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
11:29:16.091
INFO
sample #20: 20.44 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
11:29:16.166
INFO
sample #21: 19.52 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
11:29:16.290
INFO
sample #22: 18.17 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
11:29:16.439
INFO
sample #23: 16.77 Mbps (5T, 5.3s)
11:29:16.603
INFO
sample #24: 23.39 Mbps (5T, 5.5s)
11:29:16.639
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
11:29:17.283
INFO
sample #25: 16.01 Mbps (6T, 6.1s)
11:29:17.389
INFO
sample #26: 15.10 Mbps (6T, 6.2s)
11:29:17.490
INFO
sample #27: 14.32 Mbps (6T, 6.3s)
11:29:17.640
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
11:29:18.219
INFO
sample #28: 2.92 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
11:29:18.263
INFO
sample #29: 17.00 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
11:29:18.390
INFO
sample #30: 15.77 Mbps (7T, 7.2s)
11:29:18.540
INFO
sample #31: 14.55 Mbps (7T, 7.4s)
11:29:18.639
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
11:29:19.470
INFO
sample #32: 20.12 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
11:29:19.590
INFO
sample #33: 18.97 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
11:29:19.740
INFO
sample #34: 26.20 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
11:29:19.916
INFO
sample #35: 10.74 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
11:29:20.040
INFO
sample #36: 23.83 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
11:29:20.190
INFO
sample #37: 24.79 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
11:29:20.350
INFO
sample #38: 24.26 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
11:29:20.502
INFO
sample #39: 23.31 Mbps (8T, 9.4s)
11:29:20.640
INFO
sample #40: 24.40 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
11:29:20.790
INFO
sample #41: 24.99 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
11:29:20.966
INFO
sample #42: 23.61 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
11:29:21.091
INFO
sample #43: 31.28 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
11:29:21.240
INFO
sample #44: 30.19 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
11:29:21.390
INFO
sample #45: 35.05 Mbps (8T, 10.2s)
11:29:21.557
INFO
sample #46: 22.97 Mbps (8T, 10.4s)
11:29:21.951
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 19.3 Mbps (46 samples — dropped bottom 11 + top 4, averaged 31)
RESULT
11:29:22.884
OK
Download : 4.3 Mbps (trimmed mean)
11:29:22.885
OK
Upload : 19.3 Mbps (trimmed mean)
11:29:22.885
OK
Latency : 81 ms
11:29:25.074
OK
Result saved — session: 69b0e004-d7cc-43f9-af71-b2706c25f47b (BD — Bangladesh)