13:25:10.045
INFO
Client IP: 122.152.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
13:25:12.585
INFO
Session ID: 70e0b31a-dab3-4e44-9d16-a6e329cfca0a
13:25:12.585
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
13:25:12.585
INFO
Client IP: 122.152.xxx.xxx
13:25:12.585
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
13:25:12.591
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
13:25:12.806
INFO
Round 1: 215 ms
13:25:12.866
INFO
Round 2: 59 ms
13:25:12.924
INFO
Round 3: 58 ms
13:25:13.010
INFO
Round 4: 85 ms
13:25:13.069
INFO
Round 5: 59 ms
13:25:13.070
OK
Ping result: 65 ms (dropped highest: 215 ms)
DOWNLOAD
13:25:13.077
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
13:25:13.082
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
13:25:13.237
INFO
sample #1: 2.02 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
13:25:13.399
INFO
sample #2: 6.09 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
13:25:13.540
INFO
sample #3: 6.79 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
13:25:13.691
INFO
sample #4: 7.90 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
13:25:13.837
INFO
sample #5: 8.45 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
13:25:13.987
INFO
sample #6: 9.50 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
13:25:14.088
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
13:25:14.137
INFO
sample #7: 9.77 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
13:25:14.289
INFO
sample #8: 9.84 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
13:25:14.437
INFO
sample #9: 10.12 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
13:25:14.587
INFO
sample #10: 10.11 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
13:25:14.738
INFO
sample #11: 11.09 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
13:25:14.891
INFO
sample #12: 11.41 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
13:25:15.037
INFO
sample #13: 11.80 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
13:25:15.087
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
13:25:15.187
INFO
sample #14: 11.97 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
13:25:15.337
INFO
sample #15: 12.42 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
13:25:15.487
INFO
sample #16: 12.39 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
13:25:15.642
INFO
sample #17: 12.54 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
13:25:15.787
INFO
sample #18: 12.43 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
13:25:15.937
INFO
sample #19: 12.69 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
13:25:16.087
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
13:25:16.088
INFO
sample #20: 13.18 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
13:25:16.241
INFO
sample #21: 13.43 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
13:25:16.387
INFO
sample #22: 13.52 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
13:25:16.537
INFO
sample #23: 13.50 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
13:25:16.687
INFO
sample #24: 12.99 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
13:25:16.842
INFO
sample #25: 12.58 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
13:25:16.987
INFO
sample #26: 12.43 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
13:25:17.087
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
13:25:17.137
INFO
sample #27: 12.35 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
13:25:17.288
INFO
sample #28: 11.79 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
13:25:17.445
INFO
sample #29: 11.65 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
13:25:17.587
INFO
sample #30: 11.60 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
13:25:17.737
INFO
sample #31: 10.89 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
13:25:17.890
INFO
sample #32: 10.29 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
13:25:18.037
INFO
sample #33: 9.48 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
13:25:18.087
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
13:25:18.187
INFO
sample #34: 8.70 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
13:25:18.337
INFO
sample #35: 8.06 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
13:25:18.491
INFO
sample #36: 6.97 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
13:25:18.637
INFO
sample #37: 8.82 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
13:25:18.787
INFO
sample #38: 8.74 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
13:25:18.937
INFO
sample #39: 8.90 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
13:25:19.090
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
13:25:19.092
INFO
sample #40: 8.62 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
13:25:19.237
INFO
sample #41: 9.48 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
13:25:19.387
INFO
sample #42: 9.85 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
13:25:19.537
INFO
sample #43: 10.22 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
13:25:19.693
INFO
sample #44: 11.49 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
13:25:19.837
INFO
sample #45: 11.36 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
13:25:19.987
INFO
sample #46: 12.39 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
13:25:20.087
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
13:25:20.141
INFO
sample #47: 12.20 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
13:25:20.293
INFO
sample #48: 12.57 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
13:25:20.437
INFO
sample #49: 12.51 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
13:25:20.587
INFO
sample #50: 12.51 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
13:25:20.738
INFO
sample #51: 12.32 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
13:25:20.894
INFO
sample #52: 12.48 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
13:25:21.037
INFO
sample #53: 12.31 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
13:25:21.187
INFO
sample #54: 12.95 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
13:25:21.339
INFO
sample #55: 12.30 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
13:25:21.487
INFO
sample #56: 11.27 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
13:25:21.637
INFO
sample #57: 10.33 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
13:25:21.787
INFO
sample #58: 9.00 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
13:25:21.942
INFO
sample #59: 12.23 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
13:25:22.088
INFO
sample #60: 12.61 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
13:25:22.237
INFO
sample #61: 12.75 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
13:25:22.387
INFO
sample #62: 12.83 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
13:25:22.537
INFO
sample #63: 12.56 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
13:25:22.687
INFO
sample #64: 12.59 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
13:25:22.837
INFO
sample #65: 11.56 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
13:25:22.988
INFO
sample #66: 12.36 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
13:25:23.094
OK
Download trimmed mean: 11.8 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
13:25:23.145
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
13:25:23.150
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
13:25:24.501
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
13:25:25.149
INFO
sample #1: 2.82 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
13:25:25.299
INFO
sample #2: 3.49 Mbps (2T, 2.2s)
13:25:25.448
INFO
sample #3: 3.84 Mbps (2T, 2.3s)
13:25:25.498
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
13:25:25.850
INFO
sample #4: 3.60 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
13:25:25.898
INFO
sample #5: 3.49 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
13:25:26.055
INFO
sample #6: 3.48 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
13:25:26.198
INFO
sample #7: 6.56 Mbps (3T, 3.1s)
13:25:26.348
INFO
sample #8: 7.71 Mbps (3T, 3.2s)
13:25:26.498
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
13:25:26.830
INFO
sample #9: 5.14 Mbps (4T, 3.7s)
13:25:26.953
INFO
sample #10: 7.14 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
13:25:27.098
INFO
sample #11: 11.12 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
13:25:27.251
INFO
sample #12: 11.78 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
13:25:27.398
INFO
sample #13: 15.08 Mbps (4T, 4.3s)
13:25:27.498
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
13:25:27.959
INFO
sample #14: 15.38 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
13:25:27.998
INFO
sample #15: 15.01 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
13:25:28.152
INFO
sample #16: 13.73 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
13:25:28.302
INFO
sample #17: 16.90 Mbps (5T, 5.2s)
13:25:28.453
INFO
sample #18: 19.21 Mbps (5T, 5.3s)
13:25:28.498
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
13:25:28.760
INFO
sample #19: 16.94 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
13:25:28.904
INFO
sample #20: 15.58 Mbps (6T, 5.8s)
13:25:29.048
INFO
sample #21: 18.11 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
13:25:29.198
INFO
sample #22: 16.60 Mbps (6T, 6.1s)
13:25:29.348
INFO
sample #23: 17.74 Mbps (6T, 6.2s)
13:25:29.498
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
13:25:29.813
INFO
sample #24: 12.49 Mbps (7T, 6.7s)
13:25:29.951
INFO
sample #25: 15.98 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
13:25:30.104
INFO
sample #26: 17.07 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
13:25:30.248
INFO
sample #27: 15.70 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
13:25:30.398
INFO
sample #28: 15.28 Mbps (7T, 7.3s)
13:25:30.498
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
13:25:30.897
INFO
sample #29: 13.80 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
13:25:31.008
INFO
sample #30: 12.87 Mbps (8T, 7.9s)
13:25:31.148
INFO
sample #31: 13.04 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
13:25:31.304
INFO
sample #32: 13.88 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
13:25:31.448
INFO
sample #33: 16.60 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
13:25:31.598
INFO
sample #34: 11.93 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
13:25:31.748
INFO
sample #35: 11.96 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
13:25:31.898
INFO
sample #36: 11.27 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
13:25:32.069
INFO
sample #37: 11.22 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
13:25:32.198
INFO
sample #38: 14.13 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
13:25:33.227
INFO
sample #39: 7.49 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
13:25:33.305
INFO
sample #40: 13.21 Mbps (8T, 10.2s)
13:25:33.421
INFO
sample #41: 16.18 Mbps (8T, 10.3s)
13:25:33.524
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 13.9 Mbps (41 samples — dropped bottom 10 + top 4, averaged 27)
RESULT
13:25:33.545
OK
Download : 11.8 Mbps (trimmed mean)
13:25:33.546
OK
Upload : 13.9 Mbps (trimmed mean)
13:25:33.546
OK
Latency : 65 ms
13:25:35.002
OK
Result saved — session: 70e0b31a-dab3-4e44-9d16-a6e329cfca0a (BD — Bangladesh)
13:25:35.349
OK
Debug log saved — 148 entries
TEST STARTED
13:25:41.059
INFO
Session ID: d8c1be9c-7301-46c2-b2a0-221fc8078455
13:25:41.060
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
13:25:41.060
INFO
Client IP: 122.152.xxx.xxx
13:25:41.066
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
13:25:41.078
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
13:25:41.191
INFO
Round 1: 110 ms
13:25:41.281
INFO
Round 2: 90 ms
13:25:41.340
INFO
Round 3: 59 ms
13:25:41.437
INFO
Round 4: 97 ms
13:25:41.500
INFO
Round 5: 63 ms
13:25:41.500
OK
Ping result: 77 ms (dropped highest: 110 ms)
DOWNLOAD
13:25:41.509
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
13:25:41.519
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
13:25:41.672
INFO
sample #1: 1.18 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
13:25:41.824
INFO
sample #2: 5.37 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
13:25:41.971
INFO
sample #3: 9.03 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
13:25:42.121
INFO
sample #4: 6.83 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
13:25:42.281
INFO
sample #5: 10.16 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
13:25:42.422
INFO
sample #6: 10.46 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
13:25:42.554
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
13:25:42.571
INFO
sample #7: 11.58 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
13:25:42.729
INFO
sample #8: 11.96 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
13:25:42.874
INFO
sample #9: 12.03 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
13:25:43.022
INFO
sample #10: 12.59 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
13:25:43.171
INFO
sample #11: 12.56 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
13:25:43.322
INFO
sample #12: 14.42 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
13:25:43.498
INFO
sample #13: 14.42 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
13:25:43.521
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
13:25:43.621
INFO
sample #14: 15.38 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
13:25:43.771
INFO
sample #15: 14.85 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
13:25:43.921
INFO
sample #16: 13.74 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
13:25:44.071
INFO
sample #17: 12.93 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
13:25:44.221
INFO
sample #18: 12.79 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
13:25:44.372
INFO
sample #19: 12.17 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
13:25:44.521
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
13:25:44.523
INFO
sample #20: 11.66 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
13:25:44.674
INFO
sample #21: 10.95 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
13:25:44.826
INFO
sample #22: 8.93 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
13:25:44.972
INFO
sample #23: 10.68 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
13:25:45.122
INFO
sample #24: 10.79 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
13:25:45.272
INFO
sample #25: 11.05 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
13:25:45.430
INFO
sample #26: 10.99 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
13:25:45.521
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
13:25:45.576
INFO
sample #27: 11.11 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
13:25:45.725
INFO
sample #28: 10.24 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
13:25:45.882
INFO
sample #29: 9.59 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
13:25:46.022
INFO
sample #30: 11.28 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
13:25:46.171
INFO
sample #31: 11.53 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
13:25:46.322
INFO
sample #32: 11.69 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
13:25:46.480
INFO
sample #33: 11.74 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
13:25:46.521
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
13:25:46.622
INFO
sample #34: 11.36 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
13:25:46.777
INFO
sample #35: 11.10 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
13:25:46.921
INFO
sample #36: 11.00 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
13:25:47.071
INFO
sample #37: 10.98 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
13:25:47.222
INFO
sample #38: 10.71 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
13:25:47.372
INFO
sample #39: 10.86 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
13:25:47.528
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
13:25:47.532
INFO
sample #40: 9.89 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
13:25:47.675
INFO
sample #41: 9.06 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
13:25:47.821
INFO
sample #42: 11.12 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
13:25:47.971
INFO
sample #43: 11.52 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
13:25:48.123
INFO
sample #44: 11.39 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
13:25:48.278
INFO
sample #45: 11.27 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
13:25:48.421
INFO
sample #46: 11.40 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
13:25:48.521
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
13:25:48.572
INFO
sample #47: 11.27 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
13:25:48.721
INFO
sample #48: 11.28 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
13:25:48.876
INFO
sample #49: 12.21 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
13:25:49.021
INFO
sample #50: 12.28 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
13:25:49.171
INFO
sample #51: 12.52 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
13:25:49.322
INFO
sample #52: 10.53 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
13:25:49.471
INFO
sample #53: 10.61 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
13:25:49.622
INFO
sample #54: 10.68 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
13:25:49.771
INFO
sample #55: 10.78 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
13:25:49.930
INFO
sample #56: 11.12 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
13:25:50.072
INFO
sample #57: 11.52 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
13:25:50.240
INFO
sample #58: 11.87 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
13:25:50.372
INFO
sample #59: 12.59 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
13:25:50.522
INFO
sample #60: 12.84 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
13:25:50.679
INFO
sample #61: 13.13 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
13:25:50.834
INFO
sample #62: 13.91 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
13:25:50.972
INFO
sample #63: 13.67 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
13:25:51.142
INFO
sample #64: 14.36 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
13:25:51.272
INFO
sample #65: 14.46 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
13:25:51.432
INFO
sample #66: 14.53 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
13:25:51.581
OK
Download trimmed mean: 11.9 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
13:25:51.697
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
13:25:51.704
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
13:25:53.241
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
13:25:54.041
INFO
sample #1: 3.50 Mbps (2T, 2.4s)
13:25:54.191
INFO
sample #2: 3.84 Mbps (2T, 2.6s)
13:25:54.241
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
13:25:54.572
INFO
sample #3: 6.13 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
13:25:54.643
INFO
sample #4: 6.46 Mbps (3T, 3.1s)
13:25:54.792
INFO
sample #5: 10.88 Mbps (3T, 3.2s)
13:25:54.941
INFO
sample #6: 13.40 Mbps (3T, 3.3s)
13:25:55.093
INFO
sample #7: 16.77 Mbps (3T, 3.5s)
13:25:55.243
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
13:25:55.579
INFO
sample #8: 14.91 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
13:25:55.693
INFO
sample #9: 17.27 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
13:25:55.846
INFO
sample #10: 21.30 Mbps (4T, 4.3s)
13:25:55.992
INFO
sample #11: 22.41 Mbps (4T, 4.4s)
13:25:56.141
INFO
sample #12: 23.23 Mbps (4T, 4.5s)
13:25:56.240
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
13:25:56.647
INFO
sample #13: 16.78 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
13:25:56.741
INFO
sample #14: 15.83 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
13:25:56.892
INFO
sample #15: 16.54 Mbps (5T, 5.3s)
13:25:57.045
INFO
sample #16: 15.24 Mbps (5T, 5.5s)
13:25:57.194
INFO
sample #17: 15.63 Mbps (5T, 5.6s)
13:25:57.243
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
13:25:57.643
INFO
sample #18: 12.13 Mbps (6T, 6.1s)
13:25:57.794
INFO
sample #19: 11.02 Mbps (6T, 6.2s)
13:25:57.942
INFO
sample #20: 14.48 Mbps (6T, 6.4s)
13:25:58.091
INFO
sample #21: 13.37 Mbps (6T, 6.5s)
13:25:58.241
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
13:25:58.596
INFO
sample #22: 12.85 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
13:25:58.711
INFO
sample #23: 18.75 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
13:25:58.841
INFO
sample #24: 17.28 Mbps (7T, 7.2s)
13:25:58.992
INFO
sample #25: 20.35 Mbps (7T, 7.4s)
13:25:59.141
INFO
sample #26: 18.79 Mbps (7T, 7.5s)
13:25:59.244
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
13:25:59.611
INFO
sample #27: 19.05 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
13:25:59.758
INFO
sample #28: 17.37 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
13:25:59.891
INFO
sample #29: 20.10 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
13:26:00.041
INFO
sample #30: 19.15 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
13:26:00.193
INFO
sample #31: 21.59 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
13:26:00.341
INFO
sample #32: 17.99 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
13:26:00.491
INFO
sample #33: 16.99 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
13:26:00.641
INFO
sample #34: 17.72 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
13:26:00.795
INFO
sample #35: 17.67 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
13:26:00.941
INFO
sample #36: 16.89 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
13:26:01.102
INFO
sample #37: 15.50 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
13:26:01.246
INFO
sample #38: 19.08 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
13:26:01.394
INFO
sample #39: 15.95 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
13:26:01.541
INFO
sample #40: 15.25 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
13:26:01.691
INFO
sample #41: 14.54 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
13:26:01.841
INFO
sample #42: 20.92 Mbps (8T, 10.2s)
13:26:01.991
INFO
sample #43: 20.27 Mbps (8T, 10.4s)
13:26:02.142
INFO
sample #44: 15.37 Mbps (8T, 10.6s)
13:26:02.320
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 17.4 Mbps (44 samples — dropped bottom 11 + top 4, averaged 29)
RESULT
13:26:02.672
OK
Download : 11.9 Mbps (trimmed mean)
13:26:02.672
OK
Upload : 17.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
13:26:02.673
OK
Latency : 77 ms
13:26:04.198
OK
Result saved — session: d8c1be9c-7301-46c2-b2a0-221fc8078455 (BD — Bangladesh)