03:10:47.355
INFO
Client IP: 103.78.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
03:10:51.037
INFO
Session ID: 87f28e6e-c83a-45a1-ad78-5f1837d098fb
03:10:51.038
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
03:10:51.038
INFO
Client IP: 103.78.xxx.xxx
03:10:51.038
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
03:10:51.042
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
03:10:51.123
INFO
Round 1: 81 ms
03:10:51.191
INFO
Round 2: 67 ms
03:10:51.258
INFO
Round 3: 67 ms
03:10:51.324
INFO
Round 4: 64 ms
03:10:51.393
INFO
Round 5: 68 ms
03:10:51.394
OK
Ping result: 67 ms (dropped highest: 81 ms)
DOWNLOAD
03:10:51.399
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
03:10:51.401
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
03:10:51.554
INFO
sample #1: 1.25 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
03:10:51.703
INFO
sample #2: 2.79 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
03:10:51.853
INFO
sample #3: 3.46 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
03:10:52.003
INFO
sample #4: 4.55 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
03:10:52.155
INFO
sample #5: 4.86 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
03:10:52.304
INFO
sample #6: 5.51 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
03:10:52.411
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
03:10:52.459
INFO
sample #7: 6.18 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
03:10:52.608
INFO
sample #8: 6.18 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
03:10:52.758
INFO
sample #9: 6.08 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
03:10:52.906
INFO
sample #10: 6.17 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
03:10:53.055
INFO
sample #11: 7.38 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
03:10:53.204
INFO
sample #12: 7.59 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
03:10:53.357
INFO
sample #13: 7.45 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
03:10:53.403
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
03:10:53.503
INFO
sample #14: 8.30 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
03:10:53.653
INFO
sample #15: 7.82 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
03:10:53.803
INFO
sample #16: 8.46 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
03:10:53.953
INFO
sample #17: 7.75 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
03:10:54.103
INFO
sample #18: 8.65 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
03:10:54.253
INFO
sample #19: 8.72 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
03:10:54.407
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
03:10:54.410
INFO
sample #20: 8.93 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
03:10:54.553
INFO
sample #21: 8.32 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
03:10:54.703
INFO
sample #22: 8.79 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
03:10:54.856
INFO
sample #23: 9.37 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
03:10:55.006
INFO
sample #24: 8.98 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
03:10:55.156
INFO
sample #25: 10.77 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
03:10:55.303
INFO
sample #26: 10.66 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
03:10:55.403
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
03:10:55.453
INFO
sample #27: 10.17 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
03:10:55.603
INFO
sample #28: 9.26 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
03:10:55.753
INFO
sample #29: 9.44 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
03:10:55.903
INFO
sample #30: 10.01 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
03:10:56.053
INFO
sample #31: 10.89 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
03:10:56.203
INFO
sample #32: 11.80 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
03:10:56.353
INFO
sample #33: 10.36 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
03:10:56.403
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
03:10:56.503
INFO
sample #34: 9.67 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
03:10:56.653
INFO
sample #35: 9.35 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
03:10:56.804
INFO
sample #36: 8.87 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
03:10:56.953
INFO
sample #37: 9.09 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
03:10:57.106
INFO
sample #38: 10.16 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
03:10:57.255
INFO
sample #39: 10.16 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
03:10:57.405
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
03:10:57.407
INFO
sample #40: 8.67 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
03:10:57.553
INFO
sample #41: 7.86 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
03:10:57.703
INFO
sample #42: 6.64 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
03:10:57.853
INFO
sample #43: 7.94 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
03:10:58.003
INFO
sample #44: 10.01 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
03:10:58.153
INFO
sample #45: 10.21 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
03:10:58.303
INFO
sample #46: 10.29 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
03:10:58.403
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
03:10:58.453
INFO
sample #47: 9.02 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
03:10:58.603
INFO
sample #48: 8.34 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
03:10:58.753
INFO
sample #49: 7.52 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
03:10:58.910
INFO
sample #50: 8.03 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
03:10:59.063
INFO
sample #51: 9.90 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
03:10:59.203
INFO
sample #52: 9.78 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
03:10:59.356
INFO
sample #53: 9.24 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
03:10:59.505
INFO
sample #54: 7.72 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
03:10:59.654
INFO
sample #55: 7.46 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
03:10:59.804
INFO
sample #56: 7.64 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
03:10:59.953
INFO
sample #57: 7.59 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
03:11:00.103
INFO
sample #58: 9.74 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
03:11:00.253
INFO
sample #59: 10.01 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
03:11:00.403
INFO
sample #60: 9.18 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
03:11:00.553
INFO
sample #61: 10.61 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
03:11:00.703
INFO
sample #62: 9.35 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
03:11:00.853
INFO
sample #63: 8.90 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
03:11:01.003
INFO
sample #64: 10.19 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
03:11:01.157
INFO
sample #65: 9.68 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
03:11:01.303
INFO
sample #66: 9.70 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
03:11:01.410
OK
Download trimmed mean: 9.1 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
03:11:01.451
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
03:11:01.455
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
03:11:02.336
INFO
sample #1: 9.27 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
03:11:02.485
INFO
sample #2: 7.97 Mbps (1T, 1.1s)
03:11:02.585
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
03:11:02.725
INFO
sample #3: 9.82 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
03:11:02.785
INFO
sample #4: 9.38 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
03:11:02.935
INFO
sample #5: 12.52 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
03:11:03.085
INFO
sample #6: 16.89 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
03:11:03.235
INFO
sample #7: 22.85 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
03:11:03.385
INFO
sample #8: 25.18 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
03:11:03.542
INFO
sample #9: 33.25 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
03:11:03.589
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
03:11:03.731
INFO
sample #10: 32.38 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
03:11:03.842
INFO
sample #11: 27.58 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
03:11:03.988
INFO
sample #12: 27.65 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
03:11:04.136
INFO
sample #13: 25.16 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
03:11:04.287
INFO
sample #14: 24.78 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
03:11:04.436
INFO
sample #15: 20.70 Mbps (3T, 3.0s)
03:11:04.585
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
03:11:04.734
INFO
sample #16: 13.27 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
03:11:04.885
INFO
sample #17: 5.16 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
03:11:05.035
INFO
sample #18: 5.16 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
03:11:05.585
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
03:11:06.535
INFO
sample #19: 15.25 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
03:11:06.585
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
03:11:06.736
INFO
sample #20: 16.22 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
03:11:06.836
INFO
sample #21: 16.77 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
03:11:06.985
INFO
sample #22: 25.58 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
03:11:07.135
INFO
sample #23: 25.59 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
03:11:07.285
INFO
sample #24: 27.10 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
03:11:07.435
INFO
sample #25: 25.62 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
03:11:07.585
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
03:11:07.741
INFO
sample #26: 28.02 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
03:11:07.885
INFO
sample #27: 30.74 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
03:11:08.039
INFO
sample #28: 25.18 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
03:11:08.189
INFO
sample #29: 22.90 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
03:11:08.337
INFO
sample #30: 30.91 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
03:11:08.485
INFO
sample #31: 19.57 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
03:11:08.586
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
03:11:08.733
INFO
sample #32: 18.37 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
03:11:08.785
INFO
sample #33: 19.57 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
03:11:08.935
INFO
sample #34: 17.80 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
03:11:09.085
INFO
sample #35: 17.79 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
03:11:09.235
INFO
sample #36: 23.15 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
03:11:09.386
INFO
sample #37: 22.10 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
03:11:09.535
INFO
sample #38: 20.10 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
03:11:09.685
INFO
sample #39: 12.67 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
03:11:09.835
INFO
sample #40: 12.67 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
03:11:09.986
INFO
sample #41: 10.40 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
03:11:10.135
INFO
sample #42: 9.45 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
03:11:10.285
INFO
sample #43: 10.40 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
03:11:10.438
INFO
sample #44: 10.38 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
03:11:10.586
INFO
sample #45: 22.18 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
03:11:10.736
INFO
sample #46: 13.97 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
03:11:10.886
INFO
sample #47: 20.61 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
03:11:11.035
INFO
sample #48: 20.62 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
03:11:11.185
INFO
sample #49: 18.75 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
03:11:11.335
INFO
sample #50: 24.38 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
03:11:11.485
INFO
sample #51: 27.09 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
03:11:11.586
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 21.3 Mbps (51 samples — dropped bottom 12 + top 5, averaged 34)
RESULT
03:11:11.596
OK
Download : 9.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
03:11:11.596
OK
Upload : 21.3 Mbps (trimmed mean)
03:11:11.596
OK
Latency : 67 ms
03:11:13.916
OK
Result saved — session: 87f28e6e-c83a-45a1-ad78-5f1837d098fb (BD — Bangladesh)
03:11:14.692
OK
Debug log saved — 158 entries
TEST STARTED
03:11:23.669
INFO
Session ID: 3048d94f-206a-40ab-8731-1d7a6775f5c7
03:11:23.669
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
03:11:23.669
INFO
Client IP: 103.78.xxx.xxx
03:11:23.669
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
03:11:23.671
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
03:11:23.739
INFO
Round 1: 68 ms
03:11:23.810
INFO
Round 2: 70 ms
03:11:23.937
INFO
Round 3: 127 ms
03:11:24.005
INFO
Round 4: 67 ms
03:11:24.071
INFO
Round 5: 65 ms
03:11:24.071
OK
Ping result: 68 ms (dropped highest: 127 ms)
DOWNLOAD
03:11:24.073
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
03:11:24.075
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
03:11:24.382
INFO
sample #1: 0.20 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
03:11:24.533
INFO
sample #2: 0.42 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
03:11:24.682
INFO
sample #3: 0.53 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
03:11:24.831
INFO
sample #4: 0.43 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
03:11:24.982
INFO
sample #5: 0.50 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
03:11:25.078
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
03:11:25.128
INFO
sample #6: 0.56 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
03:11:25.278
INFO
sample #7: 0.49 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
03:11:25.428
INFO
sample #8: 0.43 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
03:11:25.578
INFO
sample #9: 0.48 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
03:11:25.728
INFO
sample #10: 0.43 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
03:11:25.878
INFO
sample #11: 0.55 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
03:11:26.028
INFO
sample #12: 0.52 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
03:11:26.078
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
03:11:26.178
INFO
sample #13: 0.44 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
03:11:26.328
INFO
sample #14: 0.36 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
03:11:26.482
INFO
sample #15: 0.44 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
03:11:26.631
INFO
sample #16: 0.30 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
03:11:26.779
INFO
sample #17: 0.30 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
03:11:26.928
INFO
sample #18: 0.28 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
03:11:27.078
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
03:11:27.080
INFO
sample #19: 0.35 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
03:11:27.228
INFO
sample #20: 0.32 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
03:11:27.378
INFO
sample #21: 0.22 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
03:11:27.528
INFO
sample #22: 0.39 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
03:11:27.678
INFO
sample #23: 0.36 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
03:11:27.828
INFO
sample #24: 0.44 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
03:11:27.978
INFO
sample #25: 0.44 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
03:11:28.078
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
03:11:28.128
INFO
sample #26: 0.36 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
03:11:28.278
INFO
sample #27: 0.36 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
03:11:28.434
INFO
sample #28: 0.57 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
03:11:28.582
INFO
sample #29: 0.44 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
03:11:28.730
INFO
sample #30: 0.44 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
03:11:28.880
INFO
sample #31: 0.44 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
03:11:29.028
INFO
sample #32: 0.40 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
03:11:29.079
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
03:11:29.179
INFO
sample #33: 0.26 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
03:11:29.328
INFO
sample #34: 0.32 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
03:11:29.478
INFO
sample #35: 0.35 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
03:11:29.628
INFO
sample #36: 0.35 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
03:11:29.778
INFO
sample #37: 0.35 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
03:11:29.928
INFO
sample #38: 0.40 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
03:11:30.078
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
03:11:30.079
INFO
sample #39: 0.24 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
03:11:30.228
INFO
sample #40: 0.24 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
03:11:30.378
INFO
sample #41: 0.28 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
03:11:30.528
INFO
sample #42: 0.36 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
03:11:30.682
INFO
sample #43: 0.39 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
03:11:30.831
INFO
sample #44: 0.39 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
03:11:30.982
INFO
sample #45: 0.30 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
03:11:31.081
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
03:11:31.131
INFO
sample #46: 0.30 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
03:11:31.278
INFO
sample #47: 0.39 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
03:11:31.428
INFO
sample #48: 0.36 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
03:11:31.578
INFO
sample #49: 0.31 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
03:11:31.728
INFO
sample #50: 0.31 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
03:11:31.878
INFO
sample #51: 0.31 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
03:11:32.028
INFO
sample #52: 0.22 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
03:11:32.178
INFO
sample #53: 0.28 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
03:11:32.328
INFO
sample #54: 0.36 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
03:11:32.478
INFO
sample #55: 0.28 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
03:11:32.628
INFO
sample #56: 0.28 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
03:11:32.783
INFO
sample #57: 0.22 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
03:11:32.928
INFO
sample #58: 0.30 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
03:11:33.081
INFO
sample #59: 0.44 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
03:11:33.230
INFO
sample #60: 0.44 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
03:11:33.379
INFO
sample #61: 0.44 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
03:11:33.531
INFO
sample #62: 0.44 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
03:11:33.678
INFO
sample #63: 0.51 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
03:11:33.828
INFO
sample #64: 0.44 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
03:11:33.978
INFO
sample #65: 0.36 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
03:11:34.079
OK
Download trimmed mean: 0.4 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
03:11:34.117
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
03:11:34.123
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
03:11:35.246
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
03:11:36.245
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
03:11:37.248
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
03:11:38.245
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
03:11:38.896
INFO
sample #1: 22.67 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
03:11:39.045
INFO
sample #2: 25.78 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
03:11:39.196
INFO
sample #3: 28.39 Mbps (5T, 5.1s)
03:11:39.245
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
03:11:39.384
INFO
sample #4: 27.70 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
03:11:39.497
INFO
sample #5: 28.37 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
03:11:39.646
INFO
sample #6: 34.07 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
03:11:39.796
INFO
sample #7: 30.98 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
03:11:39.945
INFO
sample #8: 32.73 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
03:11:40.096
INFO
sample #9: 30.99 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
03:11:40.245
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
03:11:40.388
INFO
sample #10: 31.13 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
03:11:40.547
INFO
sample #11: 5.68 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
03:11:40.695
INFO
sample #12: 5.16 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
03:11:40.845
INFO
sample #13: 5.17 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
03:11:40.995
INFO
sample #14: 5.29 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
03:11:41.146
INFO
sample #15: 5.17 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
03:11:41.252
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
03:11:41.388
INFO
sample #16: 2.39 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
03:11:41.451
INFO
sample #17: 2.52 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
03:11:41.599
INFO
sample #18: 2.53 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
03:11:41.748
INFO
sample #19: 2.30 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
03:11:41.902
INFO
sample #20: 7.88 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
03:11:42.047
INFO
sample #21: 7.95 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
03:11:42.195
INFO
sample #22: 12.16 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
03:11:42.346
INFO
sample #23: 12.15 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
03:11:42.496
INFO
sample #24: 13.37 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
03:11:42.646
INFO
sample #25: 12.15 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
03:11:42.796
INFO
sample #26: 15.57 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
03:11:42.945
INFO
sample #27: 14.06 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
03:11:43.095
INFO
sample #28: 16.42 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
03:11:43.246
INFO
sample #29: 19.82 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
03:11:43.396
INFO
sample #30: 19.81 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
03:11:43.553
INFO
sample #31: 16.28 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
03:11:43.699
INFO
sample #32: 14.64 Mbps (8T, 9.6s)
03:11:43.849
INFO
sample #33: 14.64 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
03:11:43.997
INFO
sample #34: 14.67 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
03:11:44.146
INFO
sample #35: 14.68 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
03:11:44.246
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 17.8 Mbps (35 samples — dropped bottom 8 + top 3, averaged 24)
RESULT
03:11:44.254
OK
Download : 0.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
03:11:44.255
OK
Upload : 17.8 Mbps (trimmed mean)
03:11:44.255
OK
Latency : 68 ms
03:12:02.871
OK
Result saved — session: 3048d94f-206a-40ab-8731-1d7a6775f5c7 (BD — Bangladesh)