23:01:28.547
INFO
Client IP: 103.204.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
23:01:55.574
INFO
Session ID: 1b530dc9-b4e2-49f6-a488-ca34f6dd03cd
23:01:55.574
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
23:01:55.574
INFO
Client IP: 103.204.xxx.xxx
23:01:55.574
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
23:01:55.595
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
23:01:55.715
INFO
Round 1: 116 ms
23:01:55.817
INFO
Round 2: 101 ms
23:01:55.959
INFO
Round 3: 141 ms
23:01:56.085
INFO
Round 4: 126 ms
23:01:56.224
INFO
Round 5: 138 ms
23:01:56.225
OK
Ping result: 120 ms (dropped highest: 141 ms)
DOWNLOAD
23:01:56.243
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
23:01:56.266
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
23:01:56.434
INFO
sample #1: 0.33 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
23:01:56.598
INFO
sample #2: 1.65 Mbps (1T, 0.4s)
23:01:56.739
INFO
sample #3: 2.37 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
23:01:56.907
INFO
sample #4: 5.72 Mbps (1T, 0.7s)
23:01:57.039
INFO
sample #5: 4.93 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
23:01:57.185
INFO
sample #6: 10.43 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
23:01:57.283
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
23:01:57.333
INFO
sample #7: 17.18 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
23:01:57.493
INFO
sample #8: 19.71 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
23:01:57.638
INFO
sample #9: 20.98 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
23:01:57.782
INFO
sample #10: 27.44 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
23:01:57.933
INFO
sample #11: 26.31 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
23:01:58.090
INFO
sample #12: 37.44 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
23:01:58.232
INFO
sample #13: 39.86 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
23:01:58.283
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
23:01:58.384
INFO
sample #14: 47.38 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
23:01:58.538
INFO
sample #15: 49.58 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
23:01:58.694
INFO
sample #16: 56.54 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
23:01:58.833
INFO
sample #17: 57.46 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
23:01:58.991
INFO
sample #18: 55.55 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
23:01:59.136
INFO
sample #19: 52.51 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
23:01:59.296
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
23:01:59.298
INFO
sample #20: 45.49 Mbps (4T, 3.1s)
23:01:59.432
INFO
sample #21: 54.46 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
23:01:59.583
INFO
sample #22: 54.41 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
23:01:59.734
INFO
sample #23: 48.27 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
23:01:59.885
INFO
sample #24: 42.24 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
23:02:00.033
INFO
sample #25: 45.91 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
23:02:00.186
INFO
sample #26: 46.69 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
23:02:00.288
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
23:02:00.342
INFO
sample #27: 38.17 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
23:02:00.498
INFO
sample #28: 37.80 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
23:02:00.637
INFO
sample #29: 52.10 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
23:02:00.791
INFO
sample #30: 54.86 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
23:02:00.940
INFO
sample #31: 48.08 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
23:02:01.101
INFO
sample #32: 50.52 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
23:02:01.232
INFO
sample #33: 55.60 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
23:02:01.294
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
23:02:01.382
INFO
sample #34: 62.15 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
23:02:01.537
INFO
sample #35: 63.36 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
23:02:01.690
INFO
sample #36: 66.62 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
23:02:01.835
INFO
sample #37: 62.88 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
23:02:01.986
INFO
sample #38: 66.67 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
23:02:02.134
INFO
sample #39: 71.06 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
23:02:02.286
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
23:02:02.288
INFO
sample #40: 60.03 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
23:02:02.443
INFO
sample #41: 71.26 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
23:02:02.587
INFO
sample #42: 68.06 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
23:02:02.733
INFO
sample #43: 72.52 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
23:02:02.884
INFO
sample #44: 64.75 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
23:02:03.036
INFO
sample #45: 65.85 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
23:02:03.205
INFO
sample #46: 66.12 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
23:02:03.335
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
23:02:03.337
INFO
sample #47: 70.07 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
23:02:03.491
INFO
sample #48: 71.06 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
23:02:03.646
INFO
sample #49: 64.33 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
23:02:03.789
INFO
sample #50: 67.73 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
23:02:03.943
INFO
sample #51: 60.34 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
23:02:04.088
INFO
sample #52: 66.60 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
23:02:04.234
INFO
sample #53: 54.74 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
23:02:04.390
INFO
sample #54: 57.46 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
23:02:04.532
INFO
sample #55: 59.96 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
23:02:04.690
INFO
sample #56: 62.86 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
23:02:04.833
INFO
sample #57: 57.38 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
23:02:04.991
INFO
sample #58: 58.23 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
23:02:05.136
INFO
sample #59: 56.59 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
23:02:05.291
INFO
sample #60: 56.46 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
23:02:05.435
INFO
sample #61: 62.12 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
23:02:05.587
INFO
sample #62: 58.15 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
23:02:05.732
INFO
sample #63: 52.53 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
23:02:05.896
INFO
sample #64: 63.42 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
23:02:06.053
INFO
sample #65: 60.59 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
23:02:06.183
INFO
sample #66: 60.22 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
23:02:06.312
OK
Download trimmed mean: 57.6 Mbps (66 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 44)
UPLOAD
23:02:06.381
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
23:02:06.384
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
23:02:07.314
INFO
sample #1: 8.33 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
23:02:07.470
INFO
sample #2: 7.20 Mbps (1T, 1.1s)
23:02:07.564
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
23:02:07.795
INFO
sample #3: 25.09 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
23:02:07.914
INFO
sample #4: 23.22 Mbps (2T, 1.6s)
23:02:08.064
INFO
sample #5: 41.99 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
23:02:08.214
INFO
sample #6: 43.10 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
23:02:08.370
INFO
sample #7: 63.36 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
23:02:08.518
INFO
sample #8: 66.67 Mbps (2T, 2.2s)
23:02:08.564
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
23:02:08.796
INFO
sample #9: 81.36 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
23:02:08.815
INFO
sample #10: 82.89 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
23:02:08.964
INFO
sample #11: 104.78 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
23:02:09.118
INFO
sample #12: 104.89 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
23:02:09.264
INFO
sample #13: 96.35 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
23:02:09.423
INFO
sample #14: 113.10 Mbps (3T, 3.1s)
23:02:09.564
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
23:02:09.748
INFO
sample #15: 96.05 Mbps (4T, 3.4s)
23:02:09.864
INFO
sample #16: 89.28 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
23:02:10.023
INFO
sample #17: 124.49 Mbps (4T, 3.7s)
23:02:10.164
INFO
sample #18: 113.82 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
23:02:10.321
INFO
sample #19: 116.48 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
23:02:10.469
INFO
sample #20: 84.37 Mbps (4T, 4.1s)
23:02:10.564
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
23:02:10.746
INFO
sample #21: 100.12 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
23:02:10.811
INFO
sample #22: 105.39 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
23:02:10.915
INFO
sample #23: 98.78 Mbps (5T, 4.6s)
23:02:11.071
INFO
sample #24: 105.02 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
23:02:11.214
INFO
sample #25: 96.67 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
23:02:11.368
INFO
sample #26: 109.17 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
23:02:11.519
INFO
sample #27: 113.36 Mbps (5T, 5.2s)
23:02:11.570
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
23:02:11.721
INFO
sample #28: 103.41 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
23:02:11.814
INFO
sample #29: 97.58 Mbps (6T, 5.5s)
23:02:11.964
INFO
sample #30: 101.70 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
23:02:12.114
INFO
sample #31: 101.61 Mbps (6T, 5.8s)
23:02:12.271
INFO
sample #32: 105.95 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
23:02:12.415
INFO
sample #33: 105.86 Mbps (6T, 6.1s)
23:02:12.564
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
23:02:12.785
INFO
sample #34: 92.87 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
23:02:12.866
INFO
sample #35: 95.99 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
23:02:13.014
INFO
sample #36: 119.08 Mbps (7T, 6.7s)
23:02:13.176
INFO
sample #37: 104.15 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
23:02:13.314
INFO
sample #38: 95.77 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
23:02:13.465
INFO
sample #39: 83.94 Mbps (7T, 7.1s)
23:02:13.564
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
23:02:13.834
INFO
sample #40: 84.24 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
23:02:13.914
INFO
sample #41: 80.16 Mbps (8T, 7.6s)
23:02:14.064
INFO
sample #42: 91.64 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
23:02:14.214
INFO
sample #43: 88.87 Mbps (8T, 7.9s)
23:02:14.364
INFO
sample #44: 93.19 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
23:02:14.514
INFO
sample #45: 64.10 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
23:02:14.664
INFO
sample #46: 71.86 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
23:02:14.815
INFO
sample #47: 72.97 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
23:02:14.964
INFO
sample #48: 79.43 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
23:02:15.114
INFO
sample #49: 88.15 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
23:02:15.265
INFO
sample #50: 80.77 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
23:02:15.416
INFO
sample #51: 85.93 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
23:02:15.568
INFO
sample #52: 67.42 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
23:02:15.723
INFO
sample #53: 77.99 Mbps (8T, 9.4s)
23:02:15.864
INFO
sample #54: 71.33 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
23:02:16.014
INFO
sample #55: 76.58 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
23:02:16.164
INFO
sample #56: 69.68 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
23:02:16.316
INFO
sample #57: 73.54 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
23:02:16.464
INFO
sample #58: 66.96 Mbps (8T, 10.1s)
23:02:16.567
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 93.1 Mbps (58 samples — dropped bottom 14 + top 5, averaged 39)
RESULT
23:02:16.578
OK
Download : 57.6 Mbps (trimmed mean)
23:02:16.578
OK
Upload : 93.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
23:02:16.578
OK
Latency : 120 ms
23:02:17.443
OK
Result saved — session: 1b530dc9-b4e2-49f6-a488-ca34f6dd03cd (BD — Bangladesh)
23:02:17.925
OK
Debug log saved — 165 entries
TEST STARTED
00:17:58.050
INFO
Session ID: ac9267a4-a9d4-49fc-97d2-5c77d6d5e21c
00:17:58.052
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
00:17:58.053
INFO
Client IP: 103.204.xxx.xxx
00:17:58.056
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
00:17:58.069
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
00:17:58.373
INFO
Round 1: 303 ms
00:17:58.449
INFO
Round 2: 75 ms
00:17:58.575
INFO
Round 3: 126 ms
00:17:58.638
INFO
Round 4: 61 ms
00:17:58.782
INFO
Round 5: 143 ms
00:17:58.784
OK
Ping result: 101 ms (dropped highest: 303 ms)
DOWNLOAD
00:17:58.793
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
00:17:58.797
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
00:17:58.960
INFO
sample #1: 0.37 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
00:17:59.157
INFO
sample #2: 2.31 Mbps (1T, 0.4s)
00:17:59.250
INFO
sample #3: 4.27 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
00:17:59.403
INFO
sample #4: 4.70 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
00:17:59.552
INFO
sample #5: 4.30 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
00:17:59.700
INFO
sample #6: 5.61 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
00:17:59.806
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
00:17:59.850
INFO
sample #7: 5.81 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
00:18:00.023
INFO
sample #8: 7.23 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
00:18:00.165
INFO
sample #9: 8.14 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
00:18:00.307
INFO
sample #10: 9.50 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
00:18:00.893
INFO
sample #11: 12.68 Mbps (2T, 2.1s)
00:18:00.963
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
00:18:01.689
INFO
sample #12: 12.69 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
00:18:02.083
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
00:18:02.117
INFO
sample #13: 9.78 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
00:18:02.359
INFO
sample #14: 9.14 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
00:18:02.406
INFO
sample #15: 7.88 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
00:18:02.567
INFO
sample #16: 8.40 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
00:18:02.743
INFO
sample #17: 18.60 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
00:18:02.805
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
00:18:02.866
INFO
sample #18: 19.37 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
00:18:03.005
INFO
sample #19: 20.85 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
00:18:03.153
INFO
sample #20: 21.72 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
00:18:03.313
INFO
sample #21: 28.45 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
00:18:03.460
INFO
sample #22: 36.20 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
00:18:03.610
INFO
sample #23: 37.90 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
00:18:03.758
INFO
sample #24: 47.72 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
00:18:03.801
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
00:18:04.650
INFO
sample #25: 57.37 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
00:18:05.654
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
00:18:05.659
INFO
sample #26: 60.65 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
00:18:06.650
INFO
sample #27: 67.31 Mbps (7T, 7.9s)
00:18:06.656
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
00:18:07.650
INFO
sample #28: 76.35 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
00:18:08.651
INFO
sample #29: 68.21 Mbps (8T, 9.9s)
00:18:09.650
INFO
sample #30: 67.57 Mbps (8T, 10.9s)
00:18:09.666
OK
Download trimmed mean: 25.1 Mbps (30 samples — dropped bottom 7 + top 3, averaged 20)
UPLOAD
00:18:09.841
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
00:18:09.847
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
00:18:10.652
INFO
sample #1: 8.62 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
00:18:11.651
INFO
sample #2: 48.00 Mbps (1T, 2.0s)
00:18:11.655
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
00:18:12.650
INFO
sample #3: 90.33 Mbps (2T, 3.0s)
00:18:12.651
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
00:18:13.654
INFO
sample #4: 95.57 Mbps (3T, 4.0s)
00:18:13.655
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
00:18:14.850
INFO
sample #5: 87.46 Mbps (4T, 5.2s)
00:18:14.851
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
00:18:15.650
INFO
sample #6: 88.65 Mbps (5T, 6.0s)
00:18:15.651
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
00:18:16.651
INFO
sample #7: 104.09 Mbps (6T, 7.0s)
00:18:16.652
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
00:18:20.294
INFO
sample #8: 76.33 Mbps (7T, 10.6s)
00:18:20.420
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
00:18:40.476
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 90.4 Mbps (8 samples — dropped bottom 2 + top 0, averaged 6)
RESULT
00:18:41.506
OK
Download : 25.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
00:18:41.506
OK
Upload : 90.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
00:18:41.507
OK
Latency : 101 ms
00:18:42.585
OK
Result saved — session: ac9267a4-a9d4-49fc-97d2-5c77d6d5e21c (BD — Bangladesh)
00:18:43.558
OK
Debug log saved — 244 entries
TEST STARTED
01:25:01.534
INFO
Session ID: 527efefb-659a-4a8d-a852-d352b8f648f7
01:25:01.538
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
01:25:01.538
INFO
Client IP: 103.204.xxx.xxx
01:25:01.539
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.xxx.xxx Mobile Safari/537.36
LATENCY
01:25:01.545
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
01:25:01.645
INFO
Round 1: 100 ms
01:25:01.788
INFO
Round 2: 142 ms
01:25:01.866
INFO
Round 3: 76 ms
01:25:01.988
INFO
Round 4: 121 ms
01:25:02.105
INFO
Round 5: 117 ms
01:25:02.125
OK
Ping result: 104 ms (dropped highest: 142 ms)
DOWNLOAD
01:25:02.160
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
01:25:02.170
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
01:25:02.330
INFO
sample #1: 1.87 Mbps (1T, 0.2s)
01:25:02.495
INFO
sample #2: 8.11 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
01:25:02.640
INFO
sample #3: 27.08 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
01:25:02.773
INFO
sample #4: 31.43 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
01:25:02.923
INFO
sample #5: 38.10 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
01:25:03.075
INFO
sample #6: 50.57 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
01:25:03.206
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
01:25:03.258
INFO
sample #7: 44.46 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
01:25:03.375
INFO
sample #8: 52.03 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
01:25:03.525
INFO
sample #9: 46.61 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
01:25:03.692
INFO
sample #10: 54.90 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
01:25:03.862
INFO
sample #11: 61.96 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
01:25:03.974
INFO
sample #12: 69.71 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
01:25:04.123
INFO
sample #13: 72.94 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
01:25:04.173
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
01:25:04.288
INFO
sample #14: 77.52 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
01:25:04.442
INFO
sample #15: 79.47 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
01:25:04.583
INFO
sample #16: 68.61 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
01:25:04.814
INFO
sample #17: 70.80 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
01:25:04.877
INFO
sample #18: 74.04 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
01:25:05.028
INFO
sample #19: 81.67 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
01:25:06.118
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
01:25:06.161
INFO
sample #20: 66.89 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
01:25:07.121
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
01:25:07.141
INFO
sample #21: 58.85 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
01:25:08.131
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
01:25:08.153
INFO
sample #22: 59.87 Mbps (6T, 6.0s)
01:25:09.128
INFO
sample #23: 68.61 Mbps (6T, 7.0s)
01:25:10.197
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
01:25:10.263
INFO
sample #24: 83.90 Mbps (7T, 8.1s)
01:25:11.128
INFO
sample #25: 63.83 Mbps (7T, 9.0s)
01:25:12.140
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
01:25:12.180
INFO
sample #26: 32.49 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
01:25:13.161
OK
Download trimmed mean: 63.4 Mbps (26 samples — dropped bottom 6 + top 2, averaged 18)
UPLOAD
01:25:13.302
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
01:25:13.308
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
01:25:15.127
INFO
sample #1: 4.30 Mbps (1T, 1.9s)
01:25:15.130
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
01:36:34.734
INFO
sample #2: 2.64 Mbps (2T, 681.6s)
01:36:34.758
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
01:36:35.058
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 3.5 Mbps (2 samples — dropped bottom 0 + top 0, averaged 2)
RESULT
01:36:35.080
OK
Download : 63.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
01:36:35.080
OK
Upload : 3.5 Mbps (trimmed mean)
01:36:35.080
OK
Latency : 104 ms
01:36:37.059
OK
Result saved — session: 527efefb-659a-4a8d-a852-d352b8f648f7 (BD — Bangladesh)