07:08:44.790
INFO
Client IP: 103.131.xxx.xxx
TEST STARTED
07:08:46.366
INFO
Session ID: f709e3a3-ee08-47a6-ba89-94c64cc6dcab
07:08:46.366
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
07:08:46.366
INFO
Client IP: 103.131.xxx.xxx
07:08:46.366
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_0_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
LATENCY
07:08:46.369
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
07:08:46.539
INFO
Round 1: 170 ms
07:08:46.715
INFO
Round 2: 176 ms
07:08:46.901
INFO
Round 3: 186 ms
07:08:47.068
INFO
Round 4: 166 ms
07:08:47.261
INFO
Round 5: 192 ms
07:08:47.262
OK
Ping result: 175 ms (dropped highest: 192 ms)
DOWNLOAD
07:08:47.270
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
07:08:47.273
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
07:08:47.584
INFO
sample #1: 0.61 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
07:08:47.734
INFO
sample #2: 1.26 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
07:08:47.885
INFO
sample #3: 1.37 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
07:08:48.036
INFO
sample #4: 2.05 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
07:08:48.186
INFO
sample #5: 2.14 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
07:08:48.279
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
07:08:48.336
INFO
sample #6: 1.84 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
07:08:48.487
INFO
sample #7: 1.93 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
07:08:48.639
INFO
sample #8: 1.82 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
07:08:48.790
INFO
sample #9: 2.24 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
07:08:48.940
INFO
sample #10: 2.26 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
07:08:49.091
INFO
sample #11: 2.70 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
07:08:49.242
INFO
sample #12: 2.52 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
07:08:49.280
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
07:08:49.393
INFO
sample #13: 2.35 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
07:08:49.543
INFO
sample #14: 3.00 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
07:08:49.694
INFO
sample #15: 2.82 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
07:08:49.845
INFO
sample #16: 3.34 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
07:08:49.997
INFO
sample #17: 3.78 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
07:08:50.147
INFO
sample #18: 4.17 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
07:08:50.280
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
07:08:50.298
INFO
sample #19: 3.56 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
07:08:50.448
INFO
sample #20: 3.99 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
07:08:50.598
INFO
sample #21: 3.65 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
07:08:50.749
INFO
sample #22: 4.44 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
07:08:50.900
INFO
sample #23: 4.78 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
07:08:51.050
INFO
sample #24: 4.09 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
07:08:51.200
INFO
sample #25: 4.09 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
07:08:51.281
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
07:08:51.351
INFO
sample #26: 3.83 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
07:08:51.501
INFO
sample #27: 3.75 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
07:08:51.652
INFO
sample #28: 3.88 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
07:08:51.802
INFO
sample #29: 4.14 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
07:08:51.952
INFO
sample #30: 4.40 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
07:08:52.103
INFO
sample #31: 4.44 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
07:08:52.254
INFO
sample #32: 4.27 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
07:08:52.281
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
07:08:52.405
INFO
sample #33: 4.44 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
07:08:52.556
INFO
sample #34: 4.44 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
07:08:52.706
INFO
sample #35: 4.79 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
07:08:52.857
INFO
sample #36: 4.92 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
07:08:53.007
INFO
sample #37: 4.74 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
07:08:53.158
INFO
sample #38: 4.65 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
07:08:53.282
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
07:08:53.310
INFO
sample #39: 4.65 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
07:08:53.460
INFO
sample #40: 4.39 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
07:08:53.611
INFO
sample #41: 4.12 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
07:08:53.762
INFO
sample #42: 3.87 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
07:08:53.915
INFO
sample #43: 4.08 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
07:08:54.065
INFO
sample #44: 3.65 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
07:08:54.216
INFO
sample #45: 3.21 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
07:08:54.282
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
07:08:54.366
INFO
sample #46: 2.91 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
07:08:54.516
INFO
sample #47: 2.74 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
07:08:54.666
INFO
sample #48: 2.22 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
07:08:54.816
INFO
sample #49: 3.70 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
07:08:54.967
INFO
sample #50: 3.26 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
07:08:55.117
INFO
sample #51: 3.88 Mbps (8T, 7.9s)
07:08:55.267
INFO
sample #52: 3.96 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
07:08:55.418
INFO
sample #53: 3.93 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
07:08:55.569
INFO
sample #54: 4.45 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
07:08:55.719
INFO
sample #55: 4.62 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
07:08:55.870
INFO
sample #56: 4.97 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
07:08:56.020
INFO
sample #57: 5.32 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
07:08:56.171
INFO
sample #58: 5.66 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
07:08:56.321
INFO
sample #59: 4.71 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
07:08:56.472
INFO
sample #60: 4.92 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
07:08:56.623
INFO
sample #61: 4.92 Mbps (8T, 9.4s)
07:08:56.774
INFO
sample #62: 4.83 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
07:08:56.925
INFO
sample #63: 4.48 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
07:08:57.076
INFO
sample #64: 4.31 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
07:08:57.226
INFO
sample #65: 4.57 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
07:08:57.294
OK
Download trimmed mean: 4.1 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
07:08:57.326
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
07:08:57.328
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
07:08:58.254
INFO
sample #1: 8.81 Mbps (1T, 1.0s)
07:08:58.350
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
07:08:58.405
INFO
sample #2: 7.61 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
07:08:58.556
INFO
sample #3: 6.69 Mbps (2T, 1.3s)
07:08:58.706
INFO
sample #4: 5.97 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
07:08:58.857
INFO
sample #5: 5.39 Mbps (2T, 1.6s)
07:08:59.008
INFO
sample #6: 8.34 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
07:08:59.159
INFO
sample #7: 13.91 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
07:08:59.310
INFO
sample #8: 13.91 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
07:08:59.350
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
07:08:59.461
INFO
sample #9: 13.90 Mbps (3T, 2.2s)
07:08:59.612
INFO
sample #10: 16.68 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
07:08:59.762
INFO
sample #11: 11.13 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
07:08:59.915
INFO
sample #12: 16.67 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
07:09:00.065
INFO
sample #13: 19.44 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
07:09:00.216
INFO
sample #14: 19.44 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
07:09:00.350
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
07:09:00.385
INFO
sample #15: 19.21 Mbps (4T, 3.1s)
07:09:00.536
INFO
sample #16: 16.47 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
07:09:00.686
INFO
sample #17: 10.99 Mbps (4T, 3.4s)
07:09:00.837
INFO
sample #18: 10.99 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
07:09:00.988
INFO
sample #19: 10.99 Mbps (4T, 3.7s)
07:09:01.139
INFO
sample #20: 8.24 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
07:09:01.290
INFO
sample #21: 10.98 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
07:09:01.351
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
07:09:01.440
INFO
sample #22: 5.50 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
07:09:01.592
INFO
sample #23: 2.75 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
07:09:01.743
INFO
sample #24: 2.75 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
07:09:01.893
INFO
sample #25: 2.78 Mbps (5T, 4.6s)
07:09:02.044
INFO
sample #26: 11.13 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
07:09:02.198
INFO
sample #27: 11.10 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
07:09:02.348
INFO
sample #28: 11.10 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
07:09:02.351
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
07:09:02.500
INFO
sample #29: 11.10 Mbps (6T, 5.2s)
07:09:02.648
INFO
sample #30: 11.12 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
07:09:02.799
INFO
sample #31: 8.34 Mbps (6T, 5.5s)
07:09:02.949
INFO
sample #32: 8.34 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
07:09:03.099
INFO
sample #33: 8.34 Mbps (6T, 5.8s)
07:09:03.250
INFO
sample #34: 8.35 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
07:09:03.352
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
07:09:03.400
INFO
sample #35: 8.35 Mbps (7T, 6.1s)
07:09:03.550
INFO
sample #36: 8.35 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
07:09:03.706
INFO
sample #37: 13.90 Mbps (7T, 6.4s)
07:09:03.858
INFO
sample #38: 13.89 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
07:09:04.009
INFO
sample #39: 13.90 Mbps (7T, 6.7s)
07:09:04.160
INFO
sample #40: 13.87 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
07:09:04.310
INFO
sample #41: 13.88 Mbps (7T, 7.0s)
07:09:04.352
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
07:09:04.467
INFO
sample #42: 16.58 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
07:09:04.618
INFO
sample #43: 16.58 Mbps (8T, 7.3s)
07:09:04.769
INFO
sample #44: 16.57 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
07:09:04.920
INFO
sample #45: 16.56 Mbps (8T, 7.6s)
07:09:05.071
INFO
sample #46: 19.32 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
07:09:05.221
INFO
sample #47: 16.61 Mbps (8T, 7.9s)
07:09:05.373
INFO
sample #48: 16.61 Mbps (8T, 8.1s)
07:09:05.524
INFO
sample #49: 16.61 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
07:09:05.674
INFO
sample #50: 16.61 Mbps (8T, 8.4s)
07:09:05.826
INFO
sample #51: 16.60 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
07:09:05.976
INFO
sample #52: 13.89 Mbps (8T, 8.7s)
07:09:06.128
INFO
sample #53: 13.89 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
07:09:06.282
INFO
sample #54: 13.86 Mbps (8T, 9.0s)
07:09:06.432
INFO
sample #55: 13.87 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
07:09:06.582
INFO
sample #56: 2.77 Mbps (8T, 9.3s)
07:09:07.426
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 13.3 Mbps (56 samples — dropped bottom 14 + top 5, averaged 37)
RESULT
07:09:07.494
OK
Download : 4.1 Mbps (trimmed mean)
07:09:07.494
OK
Upload : 13.3 Mbps (trimmed mean)
07:09:07.494
OK
Latency : 175 ms
07:09:12.360
OK
Result saved — session: f709e3a3-ee08-47a6-ba89-94c64cc6dcab (BD — Bangladesh)
07:09:13.336
OK
Debug log saved — 162 entries
TEST STARTED
07:09:43.456
INFO
Session ID: c6701726-3f4c-4566-886e-09b2df121649
07:09:43.456
INFO
Server: Singapore — https://www.speedtest.sg/speedtest
07:09:43.456
INFO
Client IP: 103.131.xxx.xxx
07:09:43.457
INFO
User agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_0_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
LATENCY
07:09:43.458
INFO
Ping test started — 5 rounds
07:09:44.015
INFO
Round 1: 557 ms
07:09:44.087
INFO
Round 2: 72 ms
07:09:44.173
INFO
Round 3: 85 ms
07:09:44.317
INFO
Round 4: 144 ms
07:09:44.500
INFO
Round 5: 183 ms
07:09:44.501
OK
Ping result: 121 ms (dropped highest: 557 ms)
DOWNLOAD
07:09:44.503
INFO
Download test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
07:09:44.505
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
07:09:44.815
INFO
sample #1: 0.62 Mbps (1T, 0.3s)
07:09:44.966
INFO
sample #2: 0.70 Mbps (1T, 0.5s)
07:09:45.116
INFO
sample #3: 1.17 Mbps (1T, 0.6s)
07:09:45.267
INFO
sample #4: 1.55 Mbps (1T, 0.8s)
07:09:45.418
INFO
sample #5: 1.43 Mbps (1T, 0.9s)
07:09:45.511
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
07:09:45.568
INFO
sample #6: 1.60 Mbps (2T, 1.1s)
07:09:45.719
INFO
sample #7: 1.51 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
07:09:45.871
INFO
sample #8: 1.34 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
07:09:46.022
INFO
sample #9: 1.21 Mbps (2T, 1.5s)
07:09:46.173
INFO
sample #10: 1.65 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
07:09:46.324
INFO
sample #11: 1.70 Mbps (2T, 1.8s)
07:09:46.474
INFO
sample #12: 1.78 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
07:09:46.513
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
07:09:46.626
INFO
sample #13: 1.70 Mbps (3T, 2.1s)
07:09:46.776
INFO
sample #14: 1.61 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
07:09:46.927
INFO
sample #15: 1.87 Mbps (3T, 2.4s)
07:09:47.079
INFO
sample #16: 1.69 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
07:09:47.230
INFO
sample #17: 1.69 Mbps (3T, 2.7s)
07:09:47.380
INFO
sample #18: 2.39 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
07:09:47.514
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
07:09:47.531
INFO
sample #19: 2.60 Mbps (4T, 3.0s)
07:09:47.681
INFO
sample #20: 2.39 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
07:09:47.831
INFO
sample #21: 2.56 Mbps (4T, 3.3s)
07:09:47.982
INFO
sample #22: 2.82 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
07:09:48.132
INFO
sample #23: 3.00 Mbps (4T, 3.6s)
07:09:48.283
INFO
sample #24: 2.79 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
07:09:48.433
INFO
sample #25: 3.66 Mbps (4T, 3.9s)
07:09:48.515
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
07:09:48.584
INFO
sample #26: 3.96 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
07:09:48.734
INFO
sample #27: 4.14 Mbps (5T, 4.2s)
07:09:48.885
INFO
sample #28: 3.88 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
07:09:49.036
INFO
sample #29: 4.01 Mbps (5T, 4.5s)
07:09:49.187
INFO
sample #30: 4.05 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
07:09:49.338
INFO
sample #31: 3.87 Mbps (5T, 4.8s)
07:09:49.489
INFO
sample #32: 3.66 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
07:09:49.516
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
07:09:49.640
INFO
sample #33: 3.57 Mbps (6T, 5.1s)
07:09:49.791
INFO
sample #34: 3.65 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
07:09:49.942
INFO
sample #35: 3.13 Mbps (6T, 5.4s)
07:09:50.092
INFO
sample #36: 2.74 Mbps (6T, 5.6s)
07:09:50.243
INFO
sample #37: 3.00 Mbps (6T, 5.7s)
07:09:50.394
INFO
sample #38: 3.17 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
07:09:50.517
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
07:09:50.545
INFO
sample #39: 3.52 Mbps (7T, 6.0s)
07:09:50.696
INFO
sample #40: 3.86 Mbps (7T, 6.2s)
07:09:50.847
INFO
sample #41: 3.82 Mbps (7T, 6.3s)
07:09:50.998
INFO
sample #42: 3.86 Mbps (7T, 6.5s)
07:09:51.149
INFO
sample #43: 4.00 Mbps (7T, 6.6s)
07:09:51.299
INFO
sample #44: 4.00 Mbps (7T, 6.8s)
07:09:51.449
INFO
sample #45: 3.78 Mbps (7T, 6.9s)
07:09:51.517
INFO
↑ thread 8 started
07:09:51.600
INFO
sample #46: 4.13 Mbps (8T, 7.1s)
07:09:51.753
INFO
sample #47: 3.86 Mbps (8T, 7.2s)
07:09:51.904
INFO
sample #48: 3.60 Mbps (8T, 7.4s)
07:09:52.054
INFO
sample #49: 2.91 Mbps (8T, 7.5s)
07:09:52.205
INFO
sample #50: 2.65 Mbps (8T, 7.7s)
07:09:52.356
INFO
sample #51: 2.69 Mbps (8T, 7.8s)
07:09:52.506
INFO
sample #52: 3.13 Mbps (8T, 8.0s)
07:09:52.657
INFO
sample #53: 2.91 Mbps (8T, 8.2s)
07:09:52.808
INFO
sample #54: 3.60 Mbps (8T, 8.3s)
07:09:52.959
INFO
sample #55: 3.47 Mbps (8T, 8.5s)
07:09:53.110
INFO
sample #56: 3.65 Mbps (8T, 8.6s)
07:09:53.261
INFO
sample #57: 3.91 Mbps (8T, 8.8s)
07:09:53.411
INFO
sample #58: 4.09 Mbps (8T, 8.9s)
07:09:53.563
INFO
sample #59: 4.61 Mbps (8T, 9.1s)
07:09:53.716
INFO
sample #60: 4.65 Mbps (8T, 9.2s)
07:09:53.866
INFO
sample #61: 5.08 Mbps (8T, 9.4s)
07:09:54.016
INFO
sample #62: 4.56 Mbps (8T, 9.5s)
07:09:54.166
INFO
sample #63: 4.91 Mbps (8T, 9.7s)
07:09:54.316
INFO
sample #64: 4.65 Mbps (8T, 9.8s)
07:09:54.467
INFO
sample #65: 5.05 Mbps (8T, 10.0s)
07:09:54.527
OK
Download trimmed mean: 3.4 Mbps (65 samples — dropped bottom 16 + top 6, averaged 43)
UPLOAD
07:09:54.540
INFO
Upload test started — 10s, up to 8 threads
07:09:54.547
INFO
↑ thread 1 started
07:09:55.571
INFO
↑ thread 2 started
07:09:55.777
INFO
sample #1: 6.72 Mbps (2T, 1.2s)
07:09:55.928
INFO
sample #2: 6.00 Mbps (2T, 1.4s)
07:09:56.079
INFO
sample #3: 10.82 Mbps (2T, 1.6s)
07:09:56.234
INFO
sample #4: 11.09 Mbps (2T, 1.7s)
07:09:56.384
INFO
sample #5: 11.09 Mbps (2T, 1.9s)
07:09:56.534
INFO
sample #6: 13.87 Mbps (2T, 2.0s)
07:09:56.572
INFO
↑ thread 3 started
07:09:56.685
INFO
sample #7: 13.87 Mbps (3T, 2.2s)
07:09:56.835
INFO
sample #8: 13.87 Mbps (3T, 2.3s)
07:09:56.986
INFO
sample #9: 13.88 Mbps (3T, 2.5s)
07:09:57.136
INFO
sample #10: 13.88 Mbps (3T, 2.6s)
07:09:57.287
INFO
sample #11: 8.33 Mbps (3T, 2.8s)
07:09:57.438
INFO
sample #12: 8.33 Mbps (3T, 2.9s)
07:09:57.573
INFO
↑ thread 4 started
07:09:57.596
INFO
sample #13: 5.53 Mbps (4T, 3.1s)
07:09:57.749
INFO
sample #14: 5.54 Mbps (4T, 3.2s)
07:09:57.900
INFO
sample #15: 5.54 Mbps (4T, 3.4s)
07:09:58.050
INFO
sample #16: 2.77 Mbps (4T, 3.5s)
07:09:58.202
INFO
sample #17: 2.76 Mbps (4T, 3.7s)
07:09:58.352
INFO
sample #18: 2.77 Mbps (4T, 3.8s)
07:09:58.503
INFO
sample #19: 5.53 Mbps (4T, 4.0s)
07:09:58.575
INFO
↑ thread 5 started
07:09:58.653
INFO
sample #20: 5.53 Mbps (5T, 4.1s)
07:09:58.803
INFO
sample #21: 11.07 Mbps (5T, 4.3s)
07:09:58.953
INFO
sample #22: 11.07 Mbps (5T, 4.4s)
07:09:59.104
INFO
sample #23: 8.34 Mbps (5T, 4.6s)
07:09:59.255
INFO
sample #24: 8.36 Mbps (5T, 4.7s)
07:09:59.406
INFO
sample #25: 11.14 Mbps (5T, 4.9s)
07:09:59.557
INFO
sample #26: 13.93 Mbps (5T, 5.0s)
07:09:59.576
INFO
↑ thread 6 started
07:09:59.708
INFO
sample #27: 13.93 Mbps (6T, 5.2s)
07:09:59.859
INFO
sample #28: 13.92 Mbps (6T, 5.3s)
07:10:00.010
INFO
sample #29: 11.13 Mbps (6T, 5.5s)
07:10:00.410
INFO
sample #30: 5.22 Mbps (6T, 5.9s)
07:10:04.220
INFO
↑ thread 7 started
07:10:12.573
INFO
sample #31: 2.42 Mbps (7T, 18.0s)
07:10:22.099
OK
Upload trimmed mean: 10.0 Mbps (31 samples — dropped bottom 7 + top 3, averaged 21)
RESULT
07:10:26.678
OK
Download : 3.4 Mbps (trimmed mean)
07:10:26.971
OK
Upload : 10.0 Mbps (trimmed mean)
07:10:26.971
OK
Latency : 121 ms
07:10:28.329
OK
Result saved — session: c6701726-3f4c-4566-886e-09b2df121649 (BD — Bangladesh)